GHRH is a releasing hormone of growth hormone (GH). It is a 44-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. GHRH is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of these arcuate neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary gland, where it stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion by stimulating the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor. GHRH is released in a pulsatile manner, stimulating similar pulsatile release of GH.
CAT No: 10-101-87
CAS No:83930-13-6 (net)
Synonyms/Alias:Somatorelin, Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (human), Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (human), GHRH (human), Somatoliberin (human), Somatocrinin (human), GHRF (1-44), human; L-tyrosyl-L-alanyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-isoleucyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-asparagyl-L-seryl-L-tyrosyl-L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl-glycyl-L-glutaminyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-isoleucyl-L-methionyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutaminyl-glycyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-seryl-L-asparagyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-arginyl-glycyl-L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-leucinamide
Chemical Name:(4S)-4-[[2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
GRF (human) Acetate is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the human growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF), also known as somatocrinin or growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). As a key regulator of growth hormone secretion, this peptide plays a pivotal role in the neuroendocrine control of growth and metabolism. Its biochemical significance stems from its ability to stimulate the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary by binding to specific GHRH receptors. Due to its well-characterized structure and function, GRF (human) Acetate serves as a valuable research tool in the fields of endocrinology, neurobiology, and peptide signaling, enabling detailed investigation into the complex regulatory mechanisms of hormone release and signal transduction.
Peptide receptor studies: GRF (human) Acetate is widely employed in receptor-binding assays and pharmacological profiling to characterize the specificity and activity of GHRH receptors. By using this peptide as a ligand, researchers can delineate receptor-ligand interactions, quantify binding affinities, and map receptor distribution in various tissues. Such studies are instrumental in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying growth hormone regulation and in identifying potential modulators of the GHRH signaling pathway.
Signal transduction research: The peptide is frequently utilized to investigate intracellular signaling cascades triggered by GHRH receptor activation. In cell-based assays and ex vivo tissue preparations, exposure to GRF (human) Acetate allows for the monitoring of downstream events such as adenylate cyclase activation, cAMP accumulation, and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. These experimental approaches provide critical insights into the second messenger systems and gene expression changes associated with growth hormone release, supporting the development of new models for endocrine regulation.
Endocrine system modeling: In vitro and ex vivo experiments often incorporate GRF (human) Acetate to mimic physiological GHRH stimulation, facilitating the study of pituitary function and hormone secretion dynamics. By applying this peptide to cultured pituitary cells or tissue slices, investigators can analyze growth hormone synthesis, storage, and release under controlled conditions. Such models are essential for dissecting the feedback mechanisms and regulatory circuits that maintain hormonal homeostasis.
Peptide analog development: The well-defined structure and bioactivity of GRF (human) Acetate make it a reference compound in the design and evaluation of novel GHRH analogs. Medicinal chemists and peptide engineers use it as a benchmark for assessing the potency, stability, and receptor selectivity of synthetic derivatives. Comparative studies involving this peptide help optimize pharmacological profiles and inform the rational design of new research tools targeting the GHRH axis.
Analytical method validation: GRF (human) Acetate is also employed as a standard in the development and validation of analytical techniques for peptide quantification, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Its defined sequence and physicochemical properties make it suitable for calibrating detection systems, establishing assay sensitivity, and ensuring reproducibility in peptide analysis workflows. This application supports rigorous quality control and enhances the reliability of biochemical measurements in peptide research.
Growth hormone (GH) secretion declines with aging, and parallels between normal aging and the signs and symptoms of adult GH deficiency have led to interest in the potential utility of replacing or stimulating GH to promote physical and psychological function and to prolong the capacity for independent living in older adults. The aging pituitary remains responsive to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and to ghrelin-mimetic GH secretagogues (GHS), and these agents have both theoretical and practical potential advantages as alternatives to the use of GH itself in this setting. Studies of the long duration and large scale needed to test the efficacy of GHRH or GHS on clinically important endpoints cannot be designed or conducted without first obtaining promising results in studies of smaller size focused on manageable intermediate endpoints, and all studies published to date have been of this latter type. GHRH and GHS both stimulate GH secretion, and, when given repeatedly, elevate IGF-I levels to within younger adult normal ranges. When GHRH treatment is continued for several months, these hormonal changes yield an increase in lean body (muscle) mass. GHRH, like GH, reduces body fat, but similar effects have not yet been shown with GHS. GHRH treatment has not yielded consistent improvements in physical function, although it may have a stabilizing effect. Chronic treatment with a short-acting GHRH did not improve sleep, possibly due to lack of sustained activity throughout the night. Compared to placebo, GHRH treatment improved certain tests of cognitive performance. These results, while encouraging, do not yet support the routine use of GHRH or GHS in normal aging.
Merriam, G. R., Schwartz, R. S., & Vitiello, M. V. (2003). Growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone secretagogues in normal aging. Endocrine, 22(1), 41-48.
Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates GH synthesis and release in the anterior pituitary gland. In addition to its endocrine role, GHRH exerts a wide range of extrapituitary effects which include stimulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Accordingly, expression of GHRH, as well as the receptor GHRH-R and its splice variants, has been demonstrated in different peripheral tissues and cell types. Among the direct peripheral activities, GHRH regulates pancreatic islet and β-cell survival and function and endometrial cell proliferation, promotes cardioprotection and wound healing, influences the immune and reproductive systems, reduces inflammation, indirectly increases lifespan and adiposity and acts on skeletal muscle cells to inhibit cell death and atrophy. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly clear that GHRH exerts important extrapituitary functions, suggesting potential therapeutic use of the peptide and its analogs in a wide range of medical settings.
Granata, R. (2016). Peripheral activities of growth hormone-releasing hormone. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 39(7), 721-727.
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