Protirelin is a highly conserved neuropeptide that exerts the hormonal control of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels as well as neuromodulatory functions.
CAT No: 10-101-51
CAS No:24305-27-9
Synonyms/Alias:protirelin;24305-27-9;Thyroliberin;Lopremone;Synthetic TRH;Rifathyroin;Thypinone;Thyrotropin-releasing factor;TSH-releasing factor;Protirelina;Protireline;Thyrotropic-releasing factor;5-Oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide;Protirelinum;THYREL TRH;Relefact TRH;TRH;Abbott 38579;ABBOTT-38579;Protirelin, synthetic;Synthetic tsh-releasing factor;L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide;5-oxo-pro-his-pro-nh2;L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-prolineamide;Protireline [INN-French];Protirelinum [INN-Latin];FDA 1725;L-Prolinamide, 5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-;Protirelina [INN-Spanish];CCRIS 2593;117217-40-0;Ro 8-6270/9;CHEBI:35940;Relefact TRH (TN);HOLO-TRANSFERRIN;Protirelin [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN];Protirelin tartrate;PROTIRELIN [INN];PROTIRELIN [JAN];EINECS 246-143-4;PROTIRELIN [USAN];(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;PROTIRELIN [VANDF];5Y5F15120W;NSC-760113;PROTIRELIN [MART.];PROTIRELIN [WHO-DD];L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidinyl-L-prolinamide;DTXCID403533;DTXSID0023533;PROTIRELIN [ORANGE BOOK];PROTIRELIN [EP MONOGRAPH];24305-27-9 (free base);A-38579;NSC 760113;NCGC00160616-01;Protireline (INN-French);Protirelinum (INN-Latin);Protirelina (INN-Spanish);PROTIRELIN (MART.);(S)-N-((S)-1-((S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;PROTIRELIN (EP MONOGRAPH);(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-aminocarbonylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxidanylidene-propan-2-yl]-5-oxidanylidene-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;pyroglutamyl-histidyl-prolylamide;Thyrefact;Trh-cambridge;Protirelin?;trh-sr;Synthetic TRF;UNII-5Y5F15120W;Human Transferrin;Relefact-TRH;TRH, Relefact;Stimu-TSH;Thyrotropin-releasing factor (pig);(2S)-N-((2S)-1-((2S)-2-aminocarbonylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxidanylidene-propan-2-yl)-5-oxidanylidene-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;(2S)-N-((2S)-1-((2S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;PR 546;PR-546;Synthetic thyrotropin-releasing factor;Pyr-His-Pro-NH2;Abbott38579;PyroGlu-His-prolinamide;Thyroliberin TRH Merck;TSH-RF;TRH [MI];Thyrotropin Releasing Factor;CHEMBL1472;SCHEMBL33419;[3H]-TRH;GTPL2139;GTPL3836;Siderophilin;partially saturated;pyroglutamyl-histidyl-prolinamide;Protirelin (JP18/USAN/INN);SCHEMBL19825647;[3H]TRH (human, mouse, rat);V04CJ02;Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone TRH;BCP12450;HY-P0002;Synthetic thyrotopin releasing factor;Tox21_111939;BDBM50072394;s4680;AKOS015994636;AKOS040759052;CCG-268193;DB09421;FP33965;HS-2023;Protirelin;Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone;(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;DA-64226;L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-proline amide;CAS-24305-27-9;NS00006015;C03958;C74244;D00176;Prolinamide, 5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-, L-;L-PYROGLUTAMYL-L-HISTIDYL-L-PROLINE-AMIDE;(Pyro)-L-glutamic acid-L-histidine-L-proline-NH2;A858244;EN300-27034140;Q24726011;Prolinamide, 1-[N-(5-oxo-L-prolyl)-L-histidyl]-, L-;pyroGlu-His-Pro-NH2 (or 5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide);(2S)-1-[(2S)-3-(1H-IMIDAZOL-4-YL)-2-{[(2S)-5-OXOPYRROLIDIN-2-YL]FORMAMIDO}PROPANOYL]PYRROLIDINE-2-CARBOXAMIDE;(2S)-1-[(2S)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;(2S)-1-[(2S)-3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;(2S)-N-[(1S)-2-[(2S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidino]-1-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-2-keto-ethyl]-5-keto-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;1-(3-(1H-Imidazol-5-yl)-2-([(5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl]amino)propanoyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamide #;1-[3-(1H-4-imidazolyl)-2-(5-oxotetrahydro-1H-2-pyrrolylcarboxamido)propanoyl]tetrahydro-1H-2-pyrrolecarboxamide;2-Pyrrolidinecarboxamide, N-[1-[(2-carbamoyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl]-2-imidazol-4-ylethyl]-5-oxo-,;2-Pyrrolidinecarboxamide, N-[1-[(2-Carbamoyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl]-2-imidazol-4-ylethyl]-5-oxo-, (S,S,S)-;246-143-4;
Protirelin, also known as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), is a tripeptide neurohormone composed of pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline amide. As a key regulator within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, it plays a central role in the control of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion. Its concise structure and well-characterized biological activity have made it a valuable tool in neuroendocrinology, peptide research, and biochemical pathway elucidation. Owing to its defined mechanism of action and relevance to hormone signaling, Protirelin is widely utilized in both fundamental and applied research settings.
Endocrine signaling research: Researchers employ Protirelin to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying hypothalamic regulation of pituitary function. By stimulating TSH release from anterior pituitary cells in vitro, it enables detailed studies of feedback control, receptor-ligand interactions, and downstream gene expression patterns. Such experimental models are essential for dissecting the regulatory networks governing thyroid hormone homeostasis and for understanding the broader principles of peptide hormone signaling in vertebrates.
Peptide receptor characterization: The tripeptide is extensively used for characterizing and validating the specificity and kinetics of TRH receptors on target cells. By applying it to recombinant or native cell systems, scientists can assess receptor binding affinity, signal transduction pathways, and receptor desensitization or internalization dynamics. These studies are fundamental to pharmacological profiling and the development of selective receptor modulators, as well as for mapping receptor distribution in diverse tissues.
Neuropeptide synthesis and analog development: As a prototypical hypothalamic peptide, Protirelin serves as a model substrate in peptide synthesis research. Its relatively simple sequence and established activity profile make it an ideal candidate for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and for the design of analogs with modified pharmacokinetic or functional properties. Synthetic efforts using this compound contribute to the advancement of peptide engineering, optimization of neuropeptide stability, and the generation of research tools for probing neuroendocrine function.
Neurotransmitter and neuropeptide interaction studies: The compound is instrumental in exploring the interactions between neuropeptide signaling and classic neurotransmitter systems within the central nervous system. By modulating TRH levels in neuronal culture or brain slice preparations, researchers can assess its influence on neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal excitability. These investigations help clarify the integrative roles of neuropeptides in modulating brain function and behavior.
Cellular signaling pathway analysis: Protirelin is frequently utilized to activate defined signaling cascades in cell-based assays, enabling the study of second messenger systems such as phospholipase C, protein kinase C, and intracellular calcium mobilization. Through controlled stimulation experiments, it provides a reproducible means to evaluate the molecular events downstream of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, facilitating the identification of pathway-specific modulators and the assessment of cellular response dynamics in endocrine and neuroendocrine models.
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