Protirelin is a highly conserved neuropeptide that exerts the hormonal control of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels as well as neuromodulatory functions.
CAT No: 10-101-51
CAS No:24305-27-9
Synonyms/Alias:protirelin;24305-27-9;Thyroliberin;Lopremone;Synthetic TRH;Rifathyroin;Thypinone;Thyrotropin-releasing factor;TSH-releasing factor;Protirelina;Protireline;Thyrotropic-releasing factor;5-Oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide;Protirelinum;THYREL TRH;Relefact TRH;TRH;Abbott 38579;ABBOTT-38579;Protirelin, synthetic;Synthetic tsh-releasing factor;L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide;5-oxo-pro-his-pro-nh2;L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-prolineamide;Protireline [INN-French];Protirelinum [INN-Latin];FDA 1725;L-Prolinamide, 5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-;Protirelina [INN-Spanish];CCRIS 2593;117217-40-0;Ro 8-6270/9;CHEBI:35940;Relefact TRH (TN);HOLO-TRANSFERRIN;Protirelin [USAN:INN:BAN:JAN];Protirelin tartrate;PROTIRELIN [INN];PROTIRELIN [JAN];EINECS 246-143-4;PROTIRELIN [USAN];(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;PROTIRELIN [VANDF];5Y5F15120W;NSC-760113;PROTIRELIN [MART.];PROTIRELIN [WHO-DD];L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidinyl-L-prolinamide;DTXCID403533;DTXSID0023533;PROTIRELIN [ORANGE BOOK];PROTIRELIN [EP MONOGRAPH];24305-27-9 (free base);A-38579;NSC 760113;NCGC00160616-01;Protireline (INN-French);Protirelinum (INN-Latin);Protirelina (INN-Spanish);PROTIRELIN (MART.);(S)-N-((S)-1-((S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;PROTIRELIN (EP MONOGRAPH);(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-aminocarbonylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxidanylidene-propan-2-yl]-5-oxidanylidene-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;pyroglutamyl-histidyl-prolylamide;Thyrefact;Trh-cambridge;Protirelin?;trh-sr;Synthetic TRF;UNII-5Y5F15120W;Human Transferrin;Relefact-TRH;TRH, Relefact;Stimu-TSH;Thyrotropin-releasing factor (pig);(2S)-N-((2S)-1-((2S)-2-aminocarbonylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxidanylidene-propan-2-yl)-5-oxidanylidene-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;(2S)-N-((2S)-1-((2S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;PR 546;PR-546;Synthetic thyrotropin-releasing factor;Pyr-His-Pro-NH2;Abbott38579;PyroGlu-His-prolinamide;Thyroliberin TRH Merck;TSH-RF;TRH [MI];Thyrotropin Releasing Factor;CHEMBL1472;SCHEMBL33419;[3H]-TRH;GTPL2139;GTPL3836;Siderophilin;partially saturated;pyroglutamyl-histidyl-prolinamide;Protirelin (JP18/USAN/INN);SCHEMBL19825647;[3H]TRH (human, mouse, rat);V04CJ02;Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone TRH;BCP12450;HY-P0002;Synthetic thyrotopin releasing factor;Tox21_111939;BDBM50072394;s4680;AKOS015994636;AKOS040759052;CCG-268193;DB09421;FP33965;HS-2023;Protirelin;Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone;(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;DA-64226;L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-proline amide;CAS-24305-27-9;NS00006015;C03958;C74244;D00176;Prolinamide, 5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-, L-;L-PYROGLUTAMYL-L-HISTIDYL-L-PROLINE-AMIDE;(Pyro)-L-glutamic acid-L-histidine-L-proline-NH2;A858244;EN300-27034140;Q24726011;Prolinamide, 1-[N-(5-oxo-L-prolyl)-L-histidyl]-, L-;pyroGlu-His-Pro-NH2 (or 5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide);(2S)-1-[(2S)-3-(1H-IMIDAZOL-4-YL)-2-{[(2S)-5-OXOPYRROLIDIN-2-YL]FORMAMIDO}PROPANOYL]PYRROLIDINE-2-CARBOXAMIDE;(2S)-1-[(2S)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-2-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;(2S)-1-[(2S)-3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;(2S)-N-[(1S)-2-[(2S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidino]-1-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-2-keto-ethyl]-5-keto-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;1-(3-(1H-Imidazol-5-yl)-2-([(5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl]amino)propanoyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamide #;1-[3-(1H-4-imidazolyl)-2-(5-oxotetrahydro-1H-2-pyrrolylcarboxamido)propanoyl]tetrahydro-1H-2-pyrrolecarboxamide;2-Pyrrolidinecarboxamide, N-[1-[(2-carbamoyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl]-2-imidazol-4-ylethyl]-5-oxo-,;2-Pyrrolidinecarboxamide, N-[1-[(2-Carbamoyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl]-2-imidazol-4-ylethyl]-5-oxo-, (S,S,S)-;246-143-4;
Protirelin, also known as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), is a tripeptide neurohormone that plays a central role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Structurally, it consists of three amino acids—pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline amide—making it one of the simplest yet most influential peptide hormones in vertebrates. As a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring hypothalamic hormone, Protirelin is widely utilized in various research and experimental settings to investigate endocrine function, neurotransmitter activity, and cellular signaling pathways. Its high degree of biological activity and stability under laboratory conditions make it a valuable tool for scientists seeking to elucidate the complex mechanisms governing hormonal regulation and neurological processes.
Endocrine Research: Protirelin is extensively applied in the field of endocrine research to study the mechanisms underlying the regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion. By stimulating the anterior pituitary gland, it induces the release of TSH, which in turn influences the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. Researchers utilize this property to explore feedback loops within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, dissecting the intricacies of hormonal interactions and their impact on metabolic processes. Investigations involving TRH provide insight into the physiological and pathological states associated with thyroid function, facilitating a deeper understanding of endocrine homeostasis.
Neuropharmacology Studies: In neuropharmacological applications, thyrotropin-releasing hormone serves as a model compound for examining neurotransmitter modulation and neuroendocrine signaling. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with specific TRH receptors makes it a subject of interest in studies focusing on synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and neuroprotection. Experimental protocols often employ Protirelin to assess its effects on neurotransmitter release, including serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine, thereby advancing knowledge of central nervous system regulation and the potential for modulating neurological pathways.
Behavioral and Cognitive Research: The impact of TRH on behavior and cognition is another prominent area of application. Researchers investigate its influence on mood, arousal, and cognitive performance in various animal models, leveraging its neuromodulatory properties to better understand the molecular basis of motivation, learning, and memory. By administering Protirelin and monitoring behavioral outcomes, scientists can delineate the roles of neuropeptides in shaping emotional and cognitive responses, contributing to the broader field of behavioral neuroscience.
Cellular Signaling Investigations: As a peptide hormone with well-characterized receptor interactions, Protirelin is frequently used in cellular and molecular biology to dissect intracellular signaling cascades. Its binding to G protein-coupled receptors initiates a sequence of events involving second messengers such as cyclic AMP and calcium ions. These studies provide valuable data on receptor-ligand dynamics, signal transduction, and gene expression regulation, supporting the development of novel experimental models for hormone-receptor interactions and cellular communication.
Peptide Synthesis and Analog Development: The relatively simple structure of thyrotropin-releasing hormone makes it an attractive template for the design and synthesis of peptide analogs. Researchers employ Protirelin as a reference compound to develop new molecules with modified biological activity or enhanced stability. These analogs are subsequently evaluated for their binding affinity, receptor selectivity, and functional properties, driving innovation in peptide chemistry and expanding the toolkit available for probing neuroendocrine systems.
In summary, Protirelin provides a robust platform for advancing scientific understanding across multiple domains, including endocrine research, neuropharmacology, behavioral science, cellular signaling, and peptide analog development. Its versatility, well-defined mechanism of action, and compatibility with a variety of experimental methodologies ensure its continued relevance in laboratory investigations aimed at unraveling the complexities of hormonal and neural regulation.
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