WWamides

* Please kindly note that our products and services can only be used to support research purposes (Not for clinical use).

Online Inquiry

CAT# Product Name M.W Molecular Formula Inquiry
W01001 WWamide-1 964.16 C46H65N11O10S Inquiry
W01002 WWamide-2 992.17 C46H65N13O10S Inquiry
W01003 WWamide-3 963.17 C46H66N12O9S Inquiry

WWamides, biologically active 7-peptide amides originally isolated from ganglia of the Africa snail Achatina fulica. The name is related to the both terminal Trp (W) residues. WWamide-1, H-Trp-Lys-Glu-Met-Ser-Val-Trp-NH2, shows inhibitory activity on a central neuron of the snail. Furthermore, it exhibits peripheral modulatory effects on muscular contractions in various tissues of the snail and other mollusks. WWamide-2 corresponds to [Arg2] WWamide-1 and WWamide-3 to [Gln3] WWamide-1, respectively.

Structural Characteristics

Kinetic studies show that structure of WWamides similar to the natural secondary structure is formed in the folded transition protein ring, but the order of the main chain is low at other positions in the sequence. Its amino acid sequence is H-Trp-Lys-Glu-Met-Ser-Val-Trp-NH2. The WWamide-2 sequence was H Trp Arg GluMetSer TrpNH 2, the WWamide3 sequence was H Trp LysGlngel TrpNH 2, and the sequence was H-Trp-Arg-Glu-Met-Ser-Val-Trp-NH2.

Mode of Action

The synthetic WWamide-1 can inhibit the central neurons of snails and regulate the muscle contraction of different tissues of snails and other molluscs. It has been considered that amide to E-olefine (A-to-O) mutation is an ideal peptide bond disturbance. The A-to-O mutation in the protein eliminates a hydrogen bond donor (NH) and a hydrogen bond receptor (CO), without causing electrostatic rejection. However, this strategy is rarely implemented because of the difficulty of stereotactic synthesis of olefine isotopes and their integration into proteins. A-to-O and A-to-E mutations were used to disturb the Phe22-Phe23 amide bond in the Pin WW domain. The energy comparison between ester mutants and E-olefine mutants can quantify the rejection O-O interaction caused by A-to-E mutation. And the energy of H bond is established. Fumihiro M et al found a tachykinin-like peptide (ThTK), two kinds of FRFamides and a kind of WWamide in snails in 2006. ThTK could induce contraction of esophagus, prostate and capsule gland, while FRFamide and WWamide could inhibit the contraction of esophagus, prostate and capsule gland. The distribution of these peptides in the central nervous system was confirmed by immunostaining with specific antibodies.

References

  1. Minakata, H., Ikeda, T., Muneoka, Y., Kobayashi, M., & Nomoto, K. (1993). WWamide‐1,‐2 and‐3: novel neuromodulatory peptides isolated from ganglia of the African giant snail, Achatina fulica. FEBS letters, 323(1-2), 104-108.
  2. Gao, J., & Kelly, J. W. (2008). Toward quantification of protein backbone–backbone hydrogen bonding energies: An energetic analysis of an amide‐to‐ester mutation in an α‐helix within a protein. Protein Science, 17(6), 1096-1101.
If you have any peptide synthesis requirement in mind, please do not hesitate to contact us at . We will endeavor to provide highly satisfying products and services.
Customer Support & Price Inquiry

Creative Peptides has accumulated a huge library of peptide knowledge including frontier peptide articles, application of peptides, useful tools, and more!

  st-Ht31, a protein kinase A (PKA)-anchoring inhibitor, greatly induces robust cholesterol or phospholipid effl ...

 Antazoline is a drug used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), and its formula is C17H19N3. In fact, th ...

 Histrelin acetate, sold under many brand name like Vantas, Supprelin LA and others, is a nonapeptide analog of g ...

 MCL 0020 is a synthetic tripeptide with the structure of Ac-D-2Nal-Arg-2Nal-NH2 (2-Nal= 3-(2-naphthyl)-L-alanine ...

Introduce of lipopeptide Lipopeptide (peptidolipid), also known as acylpeptide, is composed of hydrophilic peptide bond and l ...

Quick Inquiry
×
Contact Us

USA

Address:

Tel: |

Email:

Germany

Address:

Copyright © 2024 Creative Peptides. All rights reserved.