CART (Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript) Peptides
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Introduction
Cocaine-and amphetamine-regulate transcript (CART) is a new neuropeptide discovered by Douglass et al in 1995 when studying drug addiction. CART is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, such as amygdala, striatum, thalamic nuclei, arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, olfactory bulb, retina, islet and so on. CART has important physiological functions, including possible drug addiction and withdrawal, emergency response, feeding behavior, immune function, autonomic regulation, fluid balance, metabolic processes, sensory processes, sexual function, and endocrine regulation. CART is a peptide neurotransmitter that can directly participate in the regulation of energy in the autonomic nervous system and also affect the release of sympathetic neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
Mechanism of action
CART inhibits the increase in food intake caused by neuropeptide Y. Leptin shows regulation of CART levels. In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in mice lacking leptin and leptin receptors, CART mRNA levels were significantly reduced. After leptin administration in leptin-deficient mice, the mRNA level of CART in the hypothalamus was significantly increased. Therefore, CART is thought to be involved in inhibiting the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism in the body.
Application of CART
CART is involved in the regulation of ingestion and regulation of energy metabolism in the body, and CART is also involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. studies found that CART expression was found in islet endocrine cells (D cells), so it is speculated that CART may be involved in insulin regulation. It is expected to be effective in treating digestive and metabolic diseases.
Reference
- Douglass, J., Mckinzie, A.A., Couceyro, P. (1995) PCR differential display identifies a rat brain mRNA that is transcriptionally regulated by cocaine and amphetamine. J Neu rosci, 15: 2471-2481.
