HIV-1 MN gp160 Fragment
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It can be divided into two types: HIV-1 and HIV-2. According to the difference of (Env) in envelope gene region, HIV-1 can be divided into four groups: M, N, O and P. At present, M group and N group are popular all over the world. The molecular weight of the Env protein is 160 KD, so it is also called gp160. The initially synthesized Env is aggregated in the endoplasmic reticulum, then transferred to Golgi for glycosylation, and then cut into two smaller proteins, gp41 and gp120, by proteases in the cells and gp160 often exists in the form of polymers.
Relation of Gp160 and vpu
Gp160 and vpu are proteins encoded by the same bicistronic RNA. The researchers found that when the expression of vpu was blocked, the expression of gp160 protein was significantly up-regulated, thus resisting the inhibition of GBP5 molecules to a certain extent and increasing the viral quantity of infectious HIV-1. This phenomenon is consistent with the high-frequency mutation of vpu gene in group M HIV-1, which is naturally prevalent in the clinic.
Application of HIV-1gp160
HIV-1gp160 is the key viral envelope protein of HIV-1. In the host cell, furin cleaves a gp160 into gp120 and gp41, to form mature virus particles. HIV-1gp160 has strong immunogenicity and can be easily detected in clinical samples, which makes it a biomarker for vaccine-based research in animal models with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as an infection reagent. It can react with the antibody produced in the early stage of HIV infection, the window period can be shortened from 2~3 months to about two weeks by using gp160 antibody for HIV antigen detection. These types of research will benefit from recombinant proteins based on people living with HIV.
References
- Khattar, S. K., DeVico, A. L., LaBranche, C. C., Panda, A., Montefiori, D. C., & Samal, S. K. (2016). Enhanced immune responses to HIV-1 envelope elicited by a vaccine regimen consisting of priming with Newcastle disease virus expressing HIV gp160 and boosting with gp120 and SOSIP gp140 proteins. Journal of virology, 90(3), 1682-1686.
- Hao, Y., Bai, G., Wang, J., Zhao, L., Sutherland, K., Cai, J., & Cao, C. (2015). Identifiable biomarker and treatment development using HIV-1 long term non-progressor sera. BMC immunology, 16(1), 25.
