Eledoisin is an undecapeptide of mollusk origin, belonging to the tachykinin family of neuropeptides. Like all tachykinin peptides, Eledoisin shares the same consensus C-terminal sequence, that is, Phe-Xxx-Gly-Leu-Met-NH. The invariant "Phe7" residue is probably required for receptor binding.
CAT No: 10-101-53
CAS No:69-25-0
Synonyms/Alias:ELEDOISIN;Eledone peptide;69-25-0;Eledoisina;Eledoisine;Eledoisinum;ELD 950;Eledoisin [INN];ELD-950;Eledoisine [INN-French];Eledoisina [INN-Spanish];FI 6225 TF/Ocoa;Eledoisin (INN);UNII-OKY3285J18;DTXSID1046926;Eledoisin Acetate;BRN 4796573;CHEMBL373569;DTXCID9026926;OKY3285J18;Eledoisine (INN-French);Eledoisina (INN-Spanish);ELEDOISIN (MART.);ELEDOISIN [MART.];5-Oxo-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-isoleucylglycyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide;5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-isoleucylglycyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide;ELEDOISIN [MI];ELEDOISIN [WHO-DD];SCHEMBL158143;pGlu-Pro-Ser-Lys-Asp-Ala-Phe-Ile-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2;GTPL2086;CHEBI:135903;Tox21_112815;BDBM50194558;AKOS024456851;CAS-69-25-0;NCGC00167276-01;NTOC00000202-01;C20029;D07936;Q5358600;5-OXOPRO-PRO-SER-LYS-ASP-ALA-PHE-ILE-GLY-LEU-MET-NH2;
Chemical Name:(3S)-3-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-3-hydroxy-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
Eledoisin is a naturally occurring undecapeptide classified within the tachykinin family, originally isolated from the posterior salivary glands of certain octopus species. As a potent neuropeptide, it is recognized for its ability to interact with neurokinin receptors, particularly the NK1 and NK2 subtypes, thereby modulating a wide range of physiological processes such as smooth muscle contraction, neurotransmission, and vasodilation. Its unique sequence and high biological activity have made it a valuable molecular tool for researchers investigating the complex signaling pathways mediated by tachykinins. Eledoisin's distinct pharmacological profile, combined with its well-characterized structure, supports its ongoing use in both fundamental and applied peptide research.
Receptor pharmacology: Eledoisin is widely employed as a reference ligand in studies characterizing tachykinin receptors, especially NK1 and NK2. Its ability to selectively activate these receptors enables researchers to dissect receptor subtype specificity, signal transduction mechanisms, and downstream cellular responses. By using eledoisin in receptor binding assays or functional studies, investigators can compare the effects of endogenous and synthetic tachykinins, facilitating the development of new receptor modulators and advancing the understanding of neuropeptide signaling in both central and peripheral tissues.
Smooth muscle physiology: As a potent inducer of smooth muscle contraction, this peptide serves as an experimental tool for elucidating the mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal, vascular, and respiratory smooth muscle function. Its well-documented contractile effects on various isolated tissue preparations allow for the assessment of receptor-mediated responses, evaluation of antagonist potency, and investigation of intracellular signaling cascades. Researchers utilize eledoisin to probe the physiological and pharmacological regulation of smooth muscle tone, contributing to a broader comprehension of autonomic control in health and disease models.
Neurobiology and neurotransmission: Eledoisin's role as a neuropeptide makes it especially valuable in studies of synaptic transmission and neural circuit modulation. By applying the peptide to neuronal cultures, tissue slices, or in vivo systems, scientists can investigate the influence of tachykinins on neurotransmitter release, neural excitability, and synaptic plasticity. These applications provide insights into the functional roles of neurokinins in sensory processing, pain pathways, and neurogenic inflammation, supporting research into the fundamental principles of neuropeptide action in the nervous system.
Peptide structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies: The defined sequence and potent activity of eledoisin make it an important template for structure-activity relationship investigations. Researchers synthesize analogues or introduce targeted modifications to the peptide backbone to explore the molecular determinants of receptor binding and activation. Such SAR studies not only enhance the understanding of tachykinin-receptor interactions but also guide the rational design of novel peptide-based ligands with tailored pharmacological properties for research or industrial applications.
Analytical method development: Due to its robust chemical and biological characteristics, eledoisin is frequently used as a standard or positive control in the development and validation of analytical techniques for peptide detection and quantification. Its application in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and immunoassays supports the establishment of sensitive, reproducible methods for peptide analysis in complex biological matrices. This facilitates quality control in peptide synthesis, pharmacokinetic profiling, and biomarker discovery efforts, further expanding its utility across diverse areas of biochemical research.
At the end of therapy it was possible to match the beneficial effects of eye drops with carnitin, taurine, sodium hyaluronate and eledoisin. In fact, after 15days of treatment, patients of group 1 showed a decrease of approximately 50% concerning the severity of symptoms and a significant improvement of the tests valued.
Nebbioso, M., Evangelista, M., Librando, A., Plateroti, A. M., & Pescosolido, N. (2013). Iatrogenic dry eye disease: an eledoisin/carnitine and osmolyte drops study. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 67(7), 659-663.
Both the aqueous and the lipid-induced structure of eledoisin, an undecapeptide of mollusk origin, have been studied by two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and distance geometry calculations. Unambiguous nuclear magnetic resonance assignments of protons have been made with the aid of correlation spectroscopy experiments and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy experiments. The distance constraints obtained from the nuclear magnetic resonance data have been utilized in a distance geometry algorithm to generate a family of structures, which have been refined using restrained energy minimization and dynamics.
Grace, R. C. R., Chandrashekar, I. R., & Cowsik, S. M. (2003). Solution structure of the tachykinin peptide eledoisin. Biophysical journal, 84(1), 655-664.
The tachykinin peptide family certainly represents one of the largest peptide families described in the animal organism. So far, more than 40 tachykinins have been isolated from invertebrate (insects, worms, and molluscs), protochordate, and vertebrate (skin, gastrointestinal tract, peripheral and central nervous system) tissues. Substance P (SP), first identified by bioassay as early as 1931 but sequenced only in 1971, several years after the elucidation of the structure of eledoisin from molluscan tissues and of physalaemin from amphibian skin, may be considered as a prototype of the tachykinins.
Severini, C., Improta, G., Falconieri-Erspamer, G., Salvadori, S., & Erspamer, V. (2002). The tachykinin peptide family. Pharmacological reviews, 54(2), 285-322.
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