Ceruletide is a decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. It has a role as a diagnostic agent and a gastrointestinal drug.
CAT No: C03003
CAS No:17650-98-5
Synonyms/Alias:Caerulein;Ceruletide;17650-98-5;Cerulein;Ceruletida;Ceruletidum;Ceruletidum [INN-Latin];Ceruletida [INN-Spanish];Ceruletide [USAN:INN:BAN];CCRIS 3063;5-Oxo-L-prolyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-O-sulfo-L-tyrosyl-L-threonylglycyl-L-tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide;CHEBI:59219;CERULETIDE [MI];CERULETIDE [INN];CERULETIDE [USAN];5-Oxo-L-prolyl-L-glutaminyl-L-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-threonylglycyl-L-tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartylphenyl-L-alaninamide 4-(hydrogen sulfate) (ester);CERULETIDE [MART.];CERULETIDE [WHO-DD];888Y08971B;DTXSID8040434;Caerulein (~85%);Ceruletidum (INN-Latin);Ceruletida (INN-Spanish);CERULETIDE (MART.);(3S)-3-{[(1S)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl]carbamoyl}-3-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-{2-[(2S,3R)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-4-carbamoyl-2-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}butanamido]-3-carboxypropanamido]-3-[4-(sulfooxy)phenyl]propanamido]-3-hydroxybutanamido]acetamido}-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamido]-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanamido]propanoic acid;pGlu-Gln-Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Thr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2;Ceruletid;5-OXO-L-PROLYL-L-GLUTAMINYL-L-A-ASPARTYL-O-SULFO-L-TYROSYL-L-THREONYLGLYCYL-L-TRYPTOPHYL-L-METHIONYL-L-.ALPHA.-ASPARTYL-L-PHENYLALANINAMIDE;5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-glutaminyl-L-a-aspartyl-O-sulfo-L-tyrosyl-L-threonylglycyl-L-tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-a-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide;Ceruletide (USAN/INN);UNII-888Y08971B;(3S)-3-(((1S)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl)carbamoyl)-3-((2S)-2-((2S)-2-(2-((2S,3R)-2-((2S)-2-((2S)-2-((2S)-4-carbamoyl-2-(((2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)formamido)butanamido)-3-carboxypropanamido)-3-(4-(sulfooxy)phenyl)propanamido)-3-hydroxybutanamido)acetamido)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamido)-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanamido)propanoic acid;Caerulein, sulfated;Caerulein triammonium;MFCD00076478;ceruletide diethylamide;Ceruletide (Standard);SCHEMBL29520;GTPL7589;CHEMBL1201355;DTXCID6020434;HY-A0190R;V04CC04;YRALAIOMGQZKOW-HYAOXDFASA-N;HY-A0190;AKOS030529560;CS-5876;DB00403;AS-56061;FC108931;NS00004791;C73362;D03442;EN300-23248418;Q5065299;(3S)-3-{[(1S)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl]carbamoyl}-3-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-{2-[(2S,3R)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-4-carbamoyl-2-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}butanamido]-3-carboxypropanamido]-3-[4-(sulfooxy)phenyl]propanamido]-3-hydroxybutanamido]acetamido}-3-(indol-3-yl)propanamido]-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanamido]propanoic acid;5-OXO-L-PROLYL-L-GLUTAMINYL-L-A-ASPARTYL-O-SULFO-L-TYROSYL-L-THREONYLGLYCYL-L-TRYPTOPHYL-L-METHIONYL-L-ALPHA-ASPARTYL-L-PHENYLALANINAMIDE;
Chemical Name:(3S)-3-[[(2S)-5-amino-5-oxo-2-[[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]pentanoyl]amino]-4-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-(4-sulfooxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
Ceruletide, also known as caerulein, is a decapeptide originally isolated from the skin of the Australian green tree frog. Structurally related to the gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin, ceruletide exhibits potent biological activity as a secretagogue, stimulating smooth muscle contraction and promoting the release of digestive enzymes and hormones. Its biochemical properties and high affinity for cholecystokinin receptors have made it a valuable tool in physiological, pharmacological, and cellular research focused on gastrointestinal and pancreatic function. The synthetic form of ceruletide is widely utilized in experimental studies to probe peptide-receptor interactions, investigate cellular signaling pathways, and model digestive processes in vitro and in vivo.
Receptor pharmacology: Ceruletide is extensively used in research to study the pharmacology of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors, particularly CCK1 and CCK2 subtypes. By serving as a selective agonist, it enables the characterization of receptor binding properties, downstream signaling cascades, and receptor-ligand specificity. Such studies are fundamental for mapping receptor distribution, elucidating mechanisms of peptide hormone action, and developing novel receptor modulators for research use.
Pancreatic secretion studies: The peptide's ability to stimulate pancreatic exocrine secretion makes it an essential reagent in investigations of digestive enzyme regulation. In cell-based and organ perfusion models, ceruletide is used to induce and quantify the release of amylase, lipase, and other enzymes, thereby facilitating the study of pancreatic physiology, enzyme kinetics, and the cellular basis of secretion. These applications contribute to a deeper understanding of digestive health and the molecular underpinnings of exocrine function.
Smooth muscle contractility assays: Ceruletide's potent contractile effects on smooth muscle tissues, including those of the gallbladder and gastrointestinal tract, have established its role in functional assays measuring muscle responsiveness and motility. Researchers employ the peptide to induce and analyze contractions in isolated tissue preparations, enabling the study of signal transduction, muscle physiology, and the effects of pharmacological agents targeting smooth muscle activity.
Signal transduction research: As a peptide agonist, ceruletide provides a robust model for dissecting intracellular signaling pathways activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Its use in experimental systems allows for the investigation of calcium mobilization, phospholipase activation, and other second messenger responses following receptor engagement. These studies are critical for understanding the molecular mechanisms governing hormone action and cellular communication in peptide-responsive tissues.
Peptide synthesis and analytical validation: Synthetic ceruletide serves as a reference standard and positive control in peptide synthesis, purification, and analytical validation workflows. Laboratories utilize the compound to calibrate chromatographic methods, verify bioactivity in receptor assays, and benchmark the quality of peptide preparations. Its well-characterized structure and reproducible activity support quality assurance and method development in peptide research and production settings.
3. Implications of ligand-receptor binding kinetics on GLP-1R signalling
5. Urinary Metabolites Associated with Blood Pressure on a Low-or High-Sodium Die
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