Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) also known as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or corticoliberin is a 41-amino acid peptide derived from a 196-amino acid preprohormone. CRH belongs to corticotropin-releasing factor family and is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in response to stress.
CAT No: 10-101-75
CAS No:86784-80-7 (net)
Synonyms/Alias:Corticorelin ovine;Corticorelin ovine triflutate;Ovine CRF;Amunine;Amunin;79804-71-0;Ovine CRH;oCRH;Ovine ACTH releasing factor;Ovine corticotropin-releasing factor;Ovine CRF 41;Corticotropin-releasing factor (sheep);UNII-Y124TZ0513;Corticotropin-releasing factor (ovine);Sheep corticotropin-releasing factor (1-41);DTXSID90229925;Corticotropin-releasing factor (sheep hypothalamus);Y124TZ0513;CRF(OVINE)TRIFLUOROACETATE;Corticorelin triflutate;CORTICORELIN (OVINE);DTXCID40152416;Sheep corticotropin-releasing factor;DB09067;OVINE CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR;NS00124635;S-79804-71-0;
Chemical Name:(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoic acid
CRF (human, rat) Acetate is a synthetic peptide that corresponds to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) sequence found in both human and rat species. As a central component of the neuroendocrine system, CRF plays a pivotal role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, mediating stress responses, and influencing a broad spectrum of physiological processes. Its highly conserved structure and biological activity have made it a valuable tool in neurobiology, endocrinology, and molecular pharmacology research. The acetate salt form ensures solubility and stability, supporting a range of experimental applications in vitro and in vivo. Researchers utilize this peptide to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying stress, neuroendocrine signaling, and receptor-ligand interactions relevant to both human and rodent models.
Neuroendocrine signaling studies: In the context of neuroendocrinology, CRF (human, rat) Acetate is widely employed to investigate the molecular and cellular pathways governing the stress response. By applying this peptide to cultured neuronal or pituitary cells, researchers can dissect the downstream signaling cascades initiated by CRF receptor activation, including cyclic AMP production, calcium mobilization, and gene expression changes. These studies are fundamental for understanding how the central nervous system integrates environmental stressors and orchestrates hormone secretion.
Receptor binding assays: As a well-characterized ligand for CRF receptors (CRF1 and CRF2), this peptide serves as a reference standard in binding affinity and selectivity assays. Utilizing radiolabeled or fluorescently tagged versions of the molecule, investigators can quantify receptor-ligand interactions, screen for novel receptor modulators, and map receptor distribution in various tissues. Such assays are instrumental in pharmacological profiling and the development of new compounds targeting the CRF system.
Behavioral neuroscience research: The peptide is frequently used in preclinical studies to model stress-related behaviors in rodents. By administering it centrally or peripherally, scientists can induce physiological and behavioral responses that mirror aspects of anxiety, depression, or adaptive coping mechanisms. These models facilitate the exploration of neural circuits involved in emotional regulation, the identification of genetic or pharmacological modifiers of stress susceptibility, and the validation of experimental hypotheses regarding neuropsychiatric disorders.
Peptide structure-function analysis: CRF (human, rat) Acetate provides a template for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies aimed at delineating the critical amino acid residues required for receptor activation and biological function. By synthesizing analogs with targeted substitutions or truncations, researchers can pinpoint domains essential for high-affinity binding or signaling efficacy. These insights inform rational peptide design and aid in the creation of novel agonists, antagonists, or modulators with improved pharmacological profiles.
Peptide synthesis and analytical calibration: Owing to its defined sequence and established bioactivity, this peptide is utilized as a standard in peptide synthesis validation and analytical method development. Laboratories employ it to optimize purification protocols, verify mass spectrometric detection parameters, and calibrate chromatographic systems. Its use as a benchmark compound ensures the reliability and reproducibility of experimental workflows involving synthetic peptides, thereby supporting rigorous quality control in research and development settings.
A 37-kDa corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) binding protein (CRF-BP) was purified from human plasma by repeated affinity purification and subsequently sequenced and cloned. The human and rat CRF-BP cDNAs encode proteins of 322 amino acids with one putative signal sequence, one N-glycosylation site, and 10 conserved cysteines. Human CRF-BP binds human CRF with high affinity but has low affinity for the ovine peptide. In contrast, sheep CRF-BP binds human and ovine CRF with high affinity. The CRF-BP gene consists of seven exons and six introns and is located on chromosome 13 and loci 5q of the mouse and human genomes, respectively. CRF-BP inhibits the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) releasing properties of CRF in vitro. CRF-BP dimerizes after binding CRF and clears the peptide from blood. This clearance mechanism protects the maternal pituitary gland from elevated plasma CRF levels found during the third trimester of human pregnancy.
Behan, D. P., De Souza, E. B., Lowry, P. J., Potter, E., Sawchenko, P., & Vale, W. W. (1995). Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) binding protein: a novel regulator of CRF and related peptides. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology, 16(4), 362-382.
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is localized in fibers in the noradrenergic nucleus locus ceruleus (LC) and alters LC discharge characteristics when administered centrally. To determine whether CRF functions as a neurotransmitter in the LC during stress, the effects of hemodynamic stress on LC discharge were compared to those of CRF. Hemodynamic stress elicited by intravenous nitroprusside infusion produced identical effects on LC spontaneous and sensory-evoked discharge as those reported for centrally administered CRF. Thus, nitroprusside increased LC spontaneous discharge rates, and disrupted LC discharge evoked by sensory stimuli such that the stimuli were less effective in producing phasic increases in LC discharge.
Valentino, R. J., & Wehby, R. G. (1988). Corticotropin-releasing factor: evidence for a neurotransmitter role in the locus ceruleus during hemodynamic stress. Neuroendocrinology, 48(6), 674-677.
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