GHRH is a releasing hormone of growth hormone (GH). It is a 44-amino acid peptide hormone produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. GHRH is released from neurosecretory nerve terminals of these arcuate neurons, and is carried by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary gland, where it stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion by stimulating the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor. GHRH is released in a pulsatile manner, stimulating similar pulsatile release of GH.
CAT No: 10-101-87
CAS No:83930-13-6 (net)
Synonyms/Alias:Somatorelin, Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (human), Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (human), GHRH (human), Somatoliberin (human), Somatocrinin (human), GHRF (1-44), human; L-tyrosyl-L-alanyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-isoleucyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-asparagyl-L-seryl-L-tyrosyl-L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-valyl-L-leucyl-glycyl-L-glutaminyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-isoleucyl-L-methionyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutaminyl-glycyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-seryl-L-asparagyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-arginyl-glycyl-L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-leucinamide
Chemical Name:(4S)-4-[[2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
GRF (human) Acetate, also known as Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (human) Acetate, is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the naturally occurring hypothalamic peptide responsible for stimulating the secretion of growth hormone. Featuring a precise amino acid sequence, this compound is widely utilized in research settings to investigate the regulation of growth hormone synthesis and release. Its stability in acetate form makes it suitable for various experimental protocols, particularly those requiring consistent and reproducible peptide activity. Researchers value its high specificity for the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor, making it an essential tool for dissecting the complex signaling pathways involved in endocrine regulation and neuroendocrine communication. By mimicking endogenous GRF, this peptide enables detailed studies into the physiological and molecular mechanisms governing growth hormone dynamics.
Endocrine Research: In the field of endocrine research, GRF (human) Acetate serves as a critical reagent for elucidating the mechanisms underlying growth hormone release from the anterior pituitary gland. Scientists employ this peptide to stimulate cultured pituitary cells or animal models, allowing for the assessment of downstream signaling events, gene expression changes, and hormone secretion profiles. These studies contribute to a deeper understanding of the feedback loops and regulatory networks that control growth hormone levels, which are fundamental to growth, metabolism, and tissue repair. By providing a reliable means to activate growth hormone pathways, GRF (human) Acetate supports the development of new hypotheses regarding endocrine system function and its integration with other physiological processes.
Signal Transduction Studies: Signal transduction research benefits significantly from the application of this peptide, as it acts as a selective agonist for the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR). By binding to GHRHR on target cells, the compound initiates a cascade of intracellular events involving cyclic AMP (cAMP) production and protein kinase activation. Researchers utilize these properties to map the molecular interactions and secondary messengers involved in hormone signaling. Such investigations are vital for identifying potential modulators of the pathway and understanding how disruptions in GRF-mediated signaling may contribute to endocrine disorders or abnormal growth patterns.
Neuroendocrinology Investigations: Within neuroendocrinology, Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor (human) Acetate is instrumental in exploring the communication between the nervous system and endocrine organs. Experimental models using this peptide allow scientists to study the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary axis function in response to various physiological stimuli, such as stress, nutrition, or circadian rhythms. These insights are essential for unraveling how neuropeptides coordinate systemic hormonal responses and maintain homeostasis. The ability to precisely manipulate GRF signaling helps clarify the role of hypothalamic peptides in orchestrating complex neuroendocrine feedback systems.
Peptide Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Analysis: Researchers engaged in peptide SAR studies leverage GRF (human) Acetate as a reference compound to compare the biological activity of novel analogs or modified sequences. By systematically altering the peptide's structure and assessing functional outcomes, scientists can identify key residues responsible for receptor binding, potency, and stability. This approach accelerates the design of improved peptide-based tools for research and may inform the development of next-generation molecules with enhanced selectivity or bioactivity. SAR studies using this acetate form contribute to the broader field of peptide engineering and therapeutic peptide design.
Pharmacological Profiling: The acetate salt of GRF (human) is frequently employed in pharmacological profiling to characterize its interaction with receptors, determine dose-response relationships, and evaluate its efficacy in modulating growth hormone release. Such profiling is crucial for establishing baseline data on peptide-receptor dynamics and for comparing the functional properties of different peptide variants. Through these studies, researchers gain valuable information about receptor specificity, agonist potency, and the potential for cross-reactivity with related receptors, thereby advancing the foundational knowledge required for rational peptide application in experimental systems.
Biotechnology and Assay Development: In the biotechnology sector, GRF (human) Acetate is utilized in the development of bioassays designed to quantify growth hormone secretion and to screen for compounds that modulate the growth hormone axis. By providing a consistent and well-characterized stimulus, it enables high-throughput testing of candidate molecules, antibodies, or small-molecule inhibitors. These assays are essential for advancing research in growth regulation, metabolic control, and endocrine function. Additionally, the peptide's robust activity and reproducibility make it a preferred standard in assay calibration and validation, supporting the generation of reliable and interpretable experimental data.
Growth hormone (GH) secretion declines with aging, and parallels between normal aging and the signs and symptoms of adult GH deficiency have led to interest in the potential utility of replacing or stimulating GH to promote physical and psychological function and to prolong the capacity for independent living in older adults. The aging pituitary remains responsive to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and to ghrelin-mimetic GH secretagogues (GHS), and these agents have both theoretical and practical potential advantages as alternatives to the use of GH itself in this setting. Studies of the long duration and large scale needed to test the efficacy of GHRH or GHS on clinically important endpoints cannot be designed or conducted without first obtaining promising results in studies of smaller size focused on manageable intermediate endpoints, and all studies published to date have been of this latter type. GHRH and GHS both stimulate GH secretion, and, when given repeatedly, elevate IGF-I levels to within younger adult normal ranges. When GHRH treatment is continued for several months, these hormonal changes yield an increase in lean body (muscle) mass. GHRH, like GH, reduces body fat, but similar effects have not yet been shown with GHS. GHRH treatment has not yielded consistent improvements in physical function, although it may have a stabilizing effect. Chronic treatment with a short-acting GHRH did not improve sleep, possibly due to lack of sustained activity throughout the night. Compared to placebo, GHRH treatment improved certain tests of cognitive performance. These results, while encouraging, do not yet support the routine use of GHRH or GHS in normal aging.
Merriam, G. R., Schwartz, R. S., & Vitiello, M. V. (2003). Growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone secretagogues in normal aging. Endocrine, 22(1), 41-48.
Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates GH synthesis and release in the anterior pituitary gland. In addition to its endocrine role, GHRH exerts a wide range of extrapituitary effects which include stimulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Accordingly, expression of GHRH, as well as the receptor GHRH-R and its splice variants, has been demonstrated in different peripheral tissues and cell types. Among the direct peripheral activities, GHRH regulates pancreatic islet and β-cell survival and function and endometrial cell proliferation, promotes cardioprotection and wound healing, influences the immune and reproductive systems, reduces inflammation, indirectly increases lifespan and adiposity and acts on skeletal muscle cells to inhibit cell death and atrophy. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly clear that GHRH exerts important extrapituitary functions, suggesting potential therapeutic use of the peptide and its analogs in a wide range of medical settings.
Granata, R. (2016). Peripheral activities of growth hormone-releasing hormone. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 39(7), 721-727.
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