Romurtide is a synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivative that is a potent inducer of cytokines. It is an MDP derivative, MDP-Lys(L18) = N-alpha-(N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine), called also Muroctasin. It promotes megakaryocytopoiesis through stimulation of cytokine production and accelerates peripheral platelet recovery in nonhuman primate chemotherapy model.
CAT No: 10-101-98
CAS No:78113-36-7
Synonyms/Alias:MDP-Lys(L18); Romurtide; muroctasin; romurutide; Nalpha-(N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-Nepsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine; N2-[N2-[N-(N-Acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl]-D-alpha-glutaminyl]-N6-(1-octadecanoyl)-L-lysine; 2-Acetamido-3-O-[(R)-1-[[(S)-1-[[(R)-1-carbamoyl-3-[[(S)-1-carboxy-5-stearamidopentyl]c; Romurtide; Nopia; DJ-7041; DJ 7041; DJ7041; DJ 7041; Muroctasin; Muroctasine
Romurtide, also known as macrophage-activating immunomodulator, is a synthetic peptide derivative notable for its ability to stimulate the immune system, particularly through the activation and regulation of macrophages. As a biologically active compound, Romurtide has attracted significant attention in the fields of immunology and biomedical research due to its unique structural properties and its capacity to modulate host defense mechanisms. Its chemical architecture allows for high specificity in targeting immune cell pathways, making it a valuable tool for probing immune responses and understanding the underlying mechanisms of innate immunity. Researchers have leveraged its stability and reproducibility in experimental settings, ensuring consistent results across various investigative applications.
Immunological Research: Romurtide is widely utilized in immunological research to elucidate the role of macrophages in host defense and inflammation. By activating macrophages, it enables scientists to model immune responses in vitro and in vivo, facilitating the study of cytokine production, antigen presentation, and phagocytic activity. This application is particularly valuable for dissecting the pathways involved in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as for identifying potential targets for immunomodulatory therapies. The peptide's ability to selectively enhance macrophage function provides a robust platform for investigating the cellular and molecular dynamics of immune activation, contributing to a deeper understanding of immune system regulation.
Hematopoietic Support Studies: Macrophage-activating peptide derivatives such as Romurtide have been explored for their role in supporting hematopoiesis, particularly in experimental models of bone marrow suppression. Through the stimulation of macrophages and the subsequent release of hematopoietic growth factors, Romurtide facilitates the recovery and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Researchers use it to assess the interplay between immune cells and hematopoietic tissues, offering insights into the mechanisms that underlie bone marrow regeneration and the maintenance of blood cell homeostasis. Such studies are critical for advancing knowledge in hematology and developing novel strategies for managing hematopoietic dysfunction.
Infectious Disease Models: The immunomodulatory properties of Romurtide make it a valuable compound in the development of infectious disease models. By enhancing macrophage-mediated pathogen clearance, the peptide allows scientists to investigate the effectiveness of innate immune responses against various bacterial, viral, and fungal agents. It serves as a tool to evaluate how immune activation influences pathogen load, tissue damage, and overall disease progression. This application is instrumental in the preclinical assessment of new antimicrobial agents and in the identification of potential immunotherapeutic approaches for infectious diseases.
Cancer Immunology: In the context of cancer research, Romurtide has been employed to study tumor-immune interactions, particularly the role of macrophages in tumor surveillance and elimination. Its ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment through macrophage activation provides a means to explore mechanisms of antitumor immunity and the impact of immune modulation on tumor growth. Researchers utilize the peptide to dissect the pathways that govern macrophage polarization, cytokine secretion, and the recruitment of other immune effector cells within tumors. These studies contribute to the broader understanding of cancer immunology and the identification of new targets for immune-based interventions.
Inflammatory Disease Models: Romurtide is also instrumental in the study of inflammatory disorders, where it is used to model and modulate inflammatory responses in preclinical settings. By influencing macrophage activity and cytokine profiles, the peptide assists researchers in characterizing the cellular and molecular events that drive inflammation in conditions such as autoimmune diseases and tissue injury. Its use in these models supports the evaluation of novel anti-inflammatory agents and the elucidation of signaling pathways involved in the resolution of inflammation. Collectively, the diverse applications of Romurtide underscore its significance as a research tool in immunology, hematology, infectious disease, oncology, and inflammation biology, making it indispensable for advancing scientific understanding and experimental innovation.
Romurtide given orally enhanced the nonspecific resistance against microbial infections and hematopoiesis up to the levels achieved by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of the compound in mice. Oral romurtide conferred protection and, in consequence, enhanced therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics against systemic infections in mice. The leukocytosis followed by the elevations of colony stimulating activity in serum and the colony forming unit of granulocyte-macrophage (c.f.u.-GM) in femoral bone marrow was observed as successive event in mice treated orally with romurtide. To obtain a comparable potency to s.c. injection of the compound at a dose of 0.1 mg per mouse, oral application required doses of 3 and 10 mg per mouse for stimulating the nonspecific resistance to infection and hematopoiesis, respectively.
Namba, K., Nakajima, R., Otani, T., & Azuma, I. (1996). Oral application of romurtide, a synthetic muramyl dipeptide derivative, stimulates nonspecific resistance to microbial infections and hematopoiesis in mice. Vaccine, 14(12), 1149-1153.
We investigated the synergistic effects of romurtide (MDP-Lys [L18]) and cefmenoxime (CMX) in the treatment of experimental Klebsiella pneumonia in mice. Mice were infected with 1 x 10(4) CFU of Klebsiella pneumoniae by inhalation of aerosol bacterial suspension. About 90% of untreated animals died within a week; however, the mortality rate of animals treated with CMX alone at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day was 60% at 7 days after the infection. When one or two doses of L18 were administered before or after the infection concomitantly with CMX, a remarkable improvement in the survival rate was observed. There was no significant improvement in the survival rate of animals treated with L18 alone before or after infection. Histopathological sections of the lungs of mice treated with CMX and L18 showed slower progression of infection than those of mice treated with CMX alone. Significant differences were also found in quantitative cultures of viable bacteria in the lungs 1 to 4 days after the infection. Although viable bacterial counts in the lungs of the control and CMX-treated groups showed a rapid increase 24 to 48 h after the infection, they remained lower than the initial counts (x 10(4)) in the lungs of mice treated with combination regimens. From these results, it can be concluded that L18 is a useful biological response modifier in the treatment of acute pulmonary bacterial infections.
Tatara, O. S. A. M. U., Nakahama, C. H. I. K. A. R. A., & Niki, Y. O. S. H. I. H. I. T. O. (1992). Synergistic effects of romurtide and cefmenoxime against experimental Klebsiella pneumonia in mice. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 36(1), 167-171.
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