Romurtide is a synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivative that is a potent inducer of cytokines. It is an MDP derivative, MDP-Lys(L18) = N-alpha-(N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine), called also Muroctasin. It promotes megakaryocytopoiesis through stimulation of cytokine production and accelerates peripheral platelet recovery in nonhuman primate chemotherapy model.
CAT No: 10-101-98
CAS No:78113-36-7
Synonyms/Alias:MDP-Lys(L18); Romurtide; muroctasin; romurutide; Nalpha-(N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-Nepsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine; N2-[N2-[N-(N-Acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl]-D-alpha-glutaminyl]-N6-(1-octadecanoyl)-L-lysine; 2-Acetamido-3-O-[(R)-1-[[(S)-1-[[(R)-1-carbamoyl-3-[[(S)-1-carboxy-5-stearamidopentyl]c; Romurtide; Nopia; DJ-7041; DJ 7041; DJ7041; DJ 7041; Muroctasin; Muroctasine
Romurtide is a synthetic peptide compound that functions as a muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivative, notable for its immunomodulatory properties and its role as a potent activator of the innate immune response. As a chemically defined peptide, it has been extensively investigated in immunological research for its capacity to stimulate macrophage activity and modulate cytokine production. Its structural similarity to naturally occurring components of bacterial cell walls makes it a valuable tool for studying host-pathogen interactions, innate immunity, and the molecular pathways underlying immune activation. The unique biochemical profile of Romurtide positions it as a versatile reagent for advanced peptide research, immunological assays, and mechanistic studies of cellular signaling.
Immunological research: Romurtide is widely utilized in the field of immunology to probe the activation and regulation of macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells. By mimicking pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), it interacts with intracellular pattern recognition receptors such as NOD2, leading to the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Researchers employ this peptide to dissect the molecular mechanisms of innate immune recognition and to evaluate the downstream signaling cascades that drive immune cell activation. Its use enables precise modeling of immune responses to bacterial components without the complexity of whole pathogen systems.
Peptide functional studies: As a synthetic peptide with a defined sequence and immunostimulatory activity, Romurtide serves as a model compound for investigating the structure-activity relationships of muramyl dipeptide analogs. Scientists utilize it to assess how modifications in peptide structure influence biological activity, receptor binding affinity, and downstream cellular effects. These studies provide critical insights into the design of novel immunomodulatory peptides and help elucidate the structural determinants required for effective immune stimulation.
Innate immunity pathway analysis: The compound is instrumental in delineating the molecular pathways involved in innate immune signaling. By serving as a controlled stimulus, it facilitates the examination of NOD-like receptor (NLR) activation, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) translocation, and the expression of key immune mediators. Experimental systems incorporating this peptide enable researchers to map signaling networks, identify regulatory nodes, and characterize the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity components.
Adjuvant mechanism exploration: Romurtide is frequently employed in studies aiming to understand the mechanisms by which peptide-based adjuvants enhance immune responses. Its well-characterized activity profile allows for the systematic evaluation of adjuvant effects in vitro and in vivo, including the augmentation of antigen presentation and the modulation of T-cell responses. These investigations are fundamental for the rational development of next-generation adjuvants for research applications, contributing to the optimization of immunization protocols and the advancement of vaccine science.
Cell culture and ex vivo stimulation: In cellular and ex vivo models, Romurtide is used to stimulate immune cells, providing a reproducible means to induce cytokine secretion, assess macrophage polarization, and monitor phenotypic changes in leukocyte populations. Its application in these systems supports the development of in vitro assays for immune function screening, toxicity testing, and the evaluation of novel immunomodulatory compounds. The ability to reliably trigger specific immune responses makes it a valuable asset in immunotoxicology and functional genomics research.
Romurtide given orally enhanced the nonspecific resistance against microbial infections and hematopoiesis up to the levels achieved by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of the compound in mice. Oral romurtide conferred protection and, in consequence, enhanced therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics against systemic infections in mice. The leukocytosis followed by the elevations of colony stimulating activity in serum and the colony forming unit of granulocyte-macrophage (c.f.u.-GM) in femoral bone marrow was observed as successive event in mice treated orally with romurtide. To obtain a comparable potency to s.c. injection of the compound at a dose of 0.1 mg per mouse, oral application required doses of 3 and 10 mg per mouse for stimulating the nonspecific resistance to infection and hematopoiesis, respectively.
Namba, K., Nakajima, R., Otani, T., & Azuma, I. (1996). Oral application of romurtide, a synthetic muramyl dipeptide derivative, stimulates nonspecific resistance to microbial infections and hematopoiesis in mice. Vaccine, 14(12), 1149-1153.
We investigated the synergistic effects of romurtide (MDP-Lys [L18]) and cefmenoxime (CMX) in the treatment of experimental Klebsiella pneumonia in mice. Mice were infected with 1 x 10(4) CFU of Klebsiella pneumoniae by inhalation of aerosol bacterial suspension. About 90% of untreated animals died within a week; however, the mortality rate of animals treated with CMX alone at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day was 60% at 7 days after the infection. When one or two doses of L18 were administered before or after the infection concomitantly with CMX, a remarkable improvement in the survival rate was observed. There was no significant improvement in the survival rate of animals treated with L18 alone before or after infection. Histopathological sections of the lungs of mice treated with CMX and L18 showed slower progression of infection than those of mice treated with CMX alone. Significant differences were also found in quantitative cultures of viable bacteria in the lungs 1 to 4 days after the infection. Although viable bacterial counts in the lungs of the control and CMX-treated groups showed a rapid increase 24 to 48 h after the infection, they remained lower than the initial counts (x 10(4)) in the lungs of mice treated with combination regimens. From these results, it can be concluded that L18 is a useful biological response modifier in the treatment of acute pulmonary bacterial infections.
Tatara, O. S. A. M. U., Nakahama, C. H. I. K. A. R. A., & Niki, Y. O. S. H. I. H. I. T. O. (1992). Synergistic effects of romurtide and cefmenoxime against experimental Klebsiella pneumonia in mice. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 36(1), 167-171.
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