Brain natriuretic peptide, uretic peptide or Ventricular Natriuretic Peptide (still BNP), is a 32-amino acid polypeptide secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). BNP is named as such because it was originally identified in extracts of porcine brain, although in humans it is produced mainly in the cardiac ventricles.
CAT No: 10-101-25
CAS No:124584-08-3 (net)
Synonyms/Alias:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; BNP-32; Natrecor; BNP; B-Type Natriuretic Peptide; BNP32; BNP 32; Nesiritide; Type-B Natriuretic Peptide
Brain Natriuretic Peptide, Human is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the naturally occurring hormone primarily produced in the cardiac ventricles. As a member of the natriuretic peptide family, it plays a crucial role in cardiovascular physiology by modulating blood pressure, natriuresis, and fluid homeostasis. In the research context, this peptide serves as a valuable tool for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac function, neurohumoral regulation, and peptide signaling pathways. Its unique structure and bioactivity make it especially significant for studies focusing on cardiovascular biology, peptide-receptor interactions, and the development of novel biomolecular assays.
Cardiovascular signaling research: Brain natriuretic peptide is extensively used to investigate the signaling pathways that govern cardiac function and vascular tone. By interacting with natriuretic peptide receptors, particularly NPR-A, it stimulates cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production, leading to vasodilation and natriuresis. Researchers utilize this peptide in cell-based assays and tissue models to dissect the downstream effects of receptor activation, providing insights into the regulation of blood pressure and cardiac remodeling under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Peptide-receptor binding studies: The peptide is a critical probe for characterizing the binding kinetics and specificity of natriuretic peptide receptors. Radiolabeled or fluorescently tagged forms enable quantitative binding assays, facilitating the mapping of receptor distribution, affinity constants, and ligand-receptor dynamics. Such studies are essential for understanding how receptor subtypes contribute to distinct biological effects and for informing the rational design of receptor-targeted modulators in basic and translational research.
Biomarker assay development: Due to its established role as a biomarker of cardiac stress and ventricular dysfunction, brain natriuretic peptide is widely employed in the development and optimization of immunoassays, ELISA kits, and other quantitative detection platforms. Researchers utilize synthetic forms of the peptide as calibration standards and assay controls, ensuring specificity and sensitivity in the measurement of endogenous levels in experimental samples. This application supports advancements in cardiovascular diagnostics and research on disease biomarkers.
Peptide structure-function analysis: The well-defined amino acid sequence and post-translational modifications of this natriuretic peptide make it an ideal model for structure-function relationship studies. Site-directed mutagenesis, synthetic analog development, and biophysical characterization techniques are applied to explore how sequence variations influence receptor binding, biological activity, and resistance to proteolytic degradation. These investigations contribute to a deeper understanding of peptide stability, conformation, and functional domains relevant to peptide engineering.
Pharmacological screening: Brain natriuretic peptide serves as a reference ligand in the screening of small molecules, peptide analogs, and biologics that modulate natriuretic peptide signaling. High-throughput screening platforms incorporate this peptide to evaluate agonist or antagonist activity at natriuretic peptide receptors, supporting the identification and characterization of novel compounds with potential utility in cardiovascular research. This application is integral to the development of next-generation research tools targeting peptide-mediated signaling pathways.
Higher BNP concentrations early after first myocardial infarction are associated with adverse left ventricular remodelling characteristics. This may help explain why BNP is such a strong predictor of outcome after myocardial infarction.
Crilley J G, Farrer M. Left ventricular remodelling and brain natriuretic peptide after first myocardial infarction[J]. Heart, 2001, 86(6): 638-642.
Subtle cardiac abnormalities have been described in patients with cirrhosis. Natriuretic peptide hormones have been reported to be sensitive markers of early cardiac disease. We postulate that plasma levels of N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide could be used as markers of cardiac dysfunction in cirrhosis.
Florence W, Samuel S I U, Peter L I U, et al. Brain natriuretic peptide: is it a predictor of cardiomyopathy in cirrhosis?[J]. Clinical Science, 2001, 101(6): 621-628.
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