Glatiramer acetate consists of the acetate salts of synthetic polypeptides, containing four naturally occurring amino acids: L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-tyrosine, and L-lysine with an average molar fraction of 0.141, 0.427, 0.095, and 0.338, respectively. The average molecular weight of glatiramer acetate is 5,000-9,000 daltons. It is an immunomodulator, licensed in much of the world for reduced frequency of relapses in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
CAT No: 10-101-164
CAS No:147245-92-9
Synonyms/Alias:COP-1;Copolymer-1;Copoylmer 1
Glatiramer acetate is a synthetic peptide-based copolymer composed of four naturally occurring amino acids: L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-tyrosine, and L-lysine. As a structurally defined polypeptide mixture, it has garnered significant attention in immunological and neurobiological research due to its ability to mimic certain properties of myelin basic protein. The compound's unique sequence diversity and physicochemical properties make it a valuable tool for investigating antigenic specificity, immune modulation, and peptide-protein interactions in experimental systems. Its relevance extends to studies focused on autoimmune mechanisms, peptide-based immunotherapies, and the broader understanding of immune tolerance and neuroinflammation.
Immunological research: Glatiramer acetate serves as a critical reagent for exploring the mechanisms of antigen presentation and T-cell activation. Its heterogeneous peptide composition allows researchers to investigate how structurally diverse antigens influence the induction of regulatory versus effector T-cell populations. By serving as a model antigen, the copolymer is frequently employed in studies aiming to dissect the molecular and cellular processes underlying immune tolerance, T-cell receptor specificity, and the modulation of cytokine profiles in vitro and in vivo.
Neuroinflammation modeling: The compound is widely used in experimental models of neuroinflammation to elucidate the cellular and molecular pathways involved in central nervous system immune responses. Its capacity to modulate immune cell infiltration, glial activation, and neuroprotective signaling pathways makes it a versatile tool for probing the pathophysiology of demyelinating conditions and for evaluating neuroprotective strategies in preclinical research settings.
Peptide-MHC interaction studies: Researchers utilize glatiramer acetate to analyze the dynamics of peptide binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Its sequence variability provides a unique platform for examining peptide-MHC affinity, stability, and the resulting T-cell repertoire selection. These studies contribute to a deeper understanding of antigen processing, presentation, and the development of selective immune responses, which are central to both basic immunology and the design of peptide-based vaccines.
Immunomodulatory mechanism elucidation: The copolymer is instrumental in studies aiming to unravel the mechanisms by which synthetic peptides can alter immune cell function. Investigations often focus on its effects on monocyte and dendritic cell phenotypes, as well as its capacity to shift the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Such research supports the development of novel immunoregulatory strategies and enhances our understanding of peptide-driven modulation of immune homeostasis.
Peptide synthesis and analytical validation: Glatiramer acetate also functions as a benchmark compound in the development and optimization of peptide synthesis methodologies. Its complex yet reproducible mixture of polypeptide chains provides a challenging substrate for evaluating the efficiency of solid-phase peptide synthesis, purification protocols, and advanced analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry and chromatographic profiling. These applications are essential for refining peptide manufacturing processes and ensuring the quality of peptide-based research reagents.
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5. High fat diet and GLP-1 drugs induce pancreatic injury in mice
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