Heptapeptide-4 is a synthetic peptide composed of alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, glutamine and methionine. It smooths wrinkles through a mechanism similar to that of Botulinum toxin.

1. Myotropic activity of allatostatins in tenebrionid beetles

2. cRGD-functionalized, DOX-conjugated, and 64Cu-labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted anticancer drug delivery and PET/MR imaging

3. SERS spectrum of the peptide thymosin‐β4 obtained with Ag nanorod substrate

4. Emu oil in combination with other active ingredients for treating skin imperfections

5. C-Peptide replacement therapy and sensory nerve function in type 1 diabetic neuropathy

A number of protein kinases have been implicated in the phosphorylation of the CTD during the transition from transcription initiation to elongation. Among these are the Cdk7 subunit of the GTF IIH (TFIIH) and the Cdk9 subunit of P-TEFb, a factor that regulates transcription elongation. The Cdk7 kinase phosphorylates serine 5 of the CTD heptapeptide motif. And, while the specificity of human P-TEFb remains controversial, a close yeast homologue of its Cdk9 subunit, Ctk1, modifies the serine residue at position 2 of the CTD heptapeptide repeat.

Mandal, S. S., Cho, H., Kim, S., Cabane, K., & Reinberg, D. (2002). FCP1, a phosphatase specific for the heptapeptide repeat of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, stimulates transcription elongation. Molecular and cellular biology, 22(21), 7543-7552.