Currently, the main methods for treating tumors include surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs not only damage tumor cells but also affect a wide range of normal cells, leading to various toxic side effects. The development of resistance to chemotherapy drugs is also a reason why they cannot effectively treat tumors.
Peptides are compounds formed by linking multiple amino acids through peptide bonds, usually consisting of 10-100 amino acid molecules with a relative molecular mass of less than 10,000. Peptides can form a cyclic peptide structure by linking the first and last amino acids together or by forming an intramolecular disulfide bond.
The screening principle of peptide drug screening is to utilize the specific binding between peptide molecules in the peptide library and the target molecules, to screen out peptides with specific biological activities. Various methods of peptide drug screening are described below.
Peptides are low molecular weight protein fragments that play important roles in various life activities. Known active peptides in organisms are mainly produced or obtained from endocrine gland tissues and organs, secretory cells and body fluids, and are closely related to active peptides in cell differentiation, neurohormonal transmitter regulation, tumor lesions, immune regulation, in life activities.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) is a peptide hormone synthesized and released by atrial myocytes. ANP in human blood circulation is composed of 28 amino acid residues, and its receptor is a guanosine cyclase on the cell membrane.
OVA peptides refer to peptides derived from ovalbumin, a component of egg white that consists of several amino acids. Ovalbumin can be prepared by specific enzymatic cleavage into OVA peptides, which have a specific amino acid sequence and are often used as model antigens to study immune cell activation, proliferation and effector functions.
Anti-inflammatory peptides are usually short chain peptides composed of amino acids, which have the ability to reduce inflammatory responses and modulate the immune system. The structure of anti-inflammatory peptides can vary depending on their origin and design.
Peptide phosphorylation is essential to obtain high purity peptides for further characterization, biological research or therapeutic applications.
Peptide purification is essential to obtain high purity peptides for further characterization, biological research or therapeutic applications. It involves isolating the desired peptide from impurities and obtaining high yield and quality purified peptide samples.
Peptide dimers are complexes formed by two peptide chains linked together by chemical bonds. It consists of two identical or different peptide units, which can have the same amino acid sequence or different amino acid sequences.
Peptide chemistry uses different modification strategies to prolong the stability of peptide therapeutics.
The method of using certain hydrolysis methods to break the protein peptide chain of macromolecules to generate small molecular peptides with different activities is protein hydrolysis.
Cell targeting peptides, referred as CTPs, have a good capacity to target the specific targets and thus have potential to deliver payloads specifically.
Peptide-drug conjugate (PDC) is a targeted therapeutic agent that is similar in structure and function to antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). It is made up of connections between different types of peptides and drugs.
Since scientists discovered the first biologically active cyclic peptide (gramicidin S) in 1947, more and more cyclic peptides from marine organisms or microorganisms have attracted researchers' attention for their potential value in the field of medicinal chemistry.
Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are drugs of last resort for treating severe infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Enterococcus spp., and Clostridium difficile.
Peptide bonds, also known as amide bonds, are covalent chemical bonds that link amino acids together in proteins. They are formed through a specific type of reaction called a condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis.
Due to their biocompatibility with proteins, structural diversity, and rigidity, dicyclic peptides are an attractive class of potential therapeutic molecules and are promising as effective alternatives to small molecule and antibody drugs.
Peptides are compounds composed of multiple amino acids linked by peptide bonds in a certain order. They have important biological functions and are the basis of life activities and biomaterial development.
A drug delivery system, the process of getting drugs to their intended target without unleashing toxic side effects on healthy cells, represents an area of great significance in medical research.
Cell penetrating peptides are a class of short peptides with a length of 5~30 amino acids, which can carry polypeptides, nucleic acids, small molecules of drugs and virus particles through cell membranes into cells.
More than 100 neuropeptides have been identified, many of which are known to be hormones but also function as neurotransmitters. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system and neurotransmitters by the nervous system.
Peptides are compounds of α-amino acids linked together by peptide bonds with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa. It is usually composed of 10-100 amino acid molecules.
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology is an optical sensing technology that can monitor the refractive index change of metal surface with high sensitivity, which is less destructive, free of labeling and real-time monitoring.
Phage display peptide library technology is to fuse gene expression products of exogenous proteins or peptides with phage coat proteins and display them on their surface, and then obtain a large enrichment by screening phages expressing specific peptides or proteins to obtain the target peptide or protein.
Synthetic peptides are a kind of special drugs, which can be regarded as a kind of drugs between small organic molecules and protein macromolecules. Liquid phase synthesis and solid phase synthesis are the main methods of peptide drug synthesis.
In order to improve the antigenic activity of citrullinated peptide chain and overcome the deficiency of linear citrulline peptide chain, Dutch scholar SchellekensGA replaced two serine from the 19 amino acid residues in a citrulline peptide chain with cysteine, and cyclized cysteine to form a disulfide bond similar to the β-rotation structure to form cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)
Since the last century, peptides have been widely accepted as drugs. Nearly 100 kinds of peptides have been sold on the market, and a large number of them are under development. In this context, peptide synthesis as a strict field of global pharmaceuticals has been greatly developed.
