The gut hormone peptide YY (3-36) is a 36-amino acid peptide secreted from L-cells in the intestinal mucosa of the ileum and large intestine in proportion to caloric intake.
CAT No: 10-101-96
CAS No:123583-37-9 (net)
Synonyms/Alias:PYY (3-36); Peptide YY; C16118; PYY3-36
Peptide YY (3-36) (human) Acetate is a synthetic peptide fragment derived from the endogenous gut hormone Peptide YY, specifically encompassing amino acid residues 3 through 36. As a member of the pancreatic polypeptide family, this truncated form is recognized for its potent physiological activity, particularly in the context of appetite regulation, gastrointestinal function, and neuroendocrine signaling. The acetate salt form enhances its stability and solubility for laboratory applications, making it a valuable tool for researchers investigating peptide-receptor interactions, metabolic pathways, and the broader mechanisms of energy homeostasis. Its sequence specificity and biological relevance have established it as a critical reagent in both basic and translational studies within metabolic research, neurobiology, and gastrointestinal physiology.
Receptor Binding Studies: Due to its high affinity and selectivity for the Y2 receptor subtype of neuropeptide Y receptors, Peptide YY (3-36) (human) Acetate is widely utilized in binding assays and functional studies aimed at elucidating receptor-ligand dynamics. Its interaction with Y2 receptors is crucial for understanding the molecular basis of satiety signaling and the modulation of neuropeptide pathways. Researchers employ this peptide in radioligand binding assays, surface plasmon resonance, and competitive displacement experiments to characterize receptor specificity, binding kinetics, and downstream signaling events.
Appetite and Energy Balance Research: As a biologically active fragment, Peptide YY (3-36) plays a pivotal role in appetite suppression and energy intake regulation. In vitro and ex vivo studies leverage this peptide to model the physiological effects of endogenous PYY release following food intake. By applying it to cell-based and organotypic culture systems, investigators can dissect the downstream signaling mechanisms, transcriptional changes, and neuroendocrine feedback loops involved in appetite control, energy expenditure, and metabolic adaptation.
Gastrointestinal Motility Investigations: The functional impact of Peptide YY (3-36) on gastrointestinal motility makes it a key reagent in studies exploring the enteric nervous system and gut hormone signaling. Its application in smooth muscle contractility assays, organ bath preparations, and neuronal co-culture models enables detailed analysis of its inhibitory effects on gastric emptying and intestinal transit. Such investigations provide mechanistic insights into how peptide hormones coordinate digestive processes and maintain gastrointestinal homeostasis.
Peptide-Receptor Pharmacology: In the context of drug discovery and peptide-based therapeutic research, Peptide YY (3-36) (human) Acetate serves as a reference ligand for screening novel agonists, antagonists, and modulators targeting the neuropeptide Y receptor family. Its well-defined activity profile facilitates structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, high-throughput screening campaigns, and comparative pharmacological evaluations. The peptide is also instrumental in validating assay platforms and benchmarking the efficacy or selectivity of newly developed compounds.
Neuroendocrine Pathway Elucidation: Given its role as a signaling molecule in the gut-brain axis, Peptide YY (3-36) is employed in experimental systems designed to unravel the complexities of neuroendocrine communication. Researchers utilize it to probe the crosstalk between peripheral tissues and central nervous system circuits, investigating how hormonal cues from the gastrointestinal tract influence hypothalamic function, stress responses, and behavioral outputs. Its application in these studies advances the understanding of integrative physiology and the molecular underpinnings of metabolic regulation.
The gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) belongs to the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) family along with PP and neuropeptide Y (NPY). These peptides mediate their effects through the NPY receptors of which there are several subtypes (Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5). The L cells of the gastrointestinal tract are the major source of PYY, which exists in two endogenous forms: PYY(1-36) and PYY(3-36). The latter is produced by the action of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). PYY(1-36) binds to and activates at least three Y receptor subtypes (Y1, Y2, and Y5), whereas PYY(3-36) is more selective for Y2 receptor (Y2R). The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, a key brain area regulating appetite, has access to nutrients and hormones within the peripheral circulation.
Batterham, R. L., & Bloom, S. R. (2003). The gut hormone peptide YY regulates appetite. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 994(1), 162-168.
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