Endothelin-3, human, mouse, rabbit, rat is a 21-amino acid vasoactive peptide that binds to G-protein-linked transmembrane receptors, ET-RA and ET-RB.
CAT No: R1342
CAS No:117399-93-6
Synonyms/Alias:Endothelin III;117399-93-6;Rat endothelin-3;Human endothelin-3;Endothelin-3 (human);UNII-0066WLJ02E;Endothelin 3 (mouse intestine);0066WLJ02E;Endothelin-3, human, mouse, rabbit, rat;Cys-thr-cys-phe-thr-tyr-lys-asp-lys-glu-cys-val-tyr-tyr-cys-his-leu-asp-ile-ile-trp (1-15 disulfide, 3-11 disulfide);Endothelin 1 (pig), 2-L-threonine-4-L-phenylalanine-5-L-threonine-6-L-tyrosine-7-L-lysine-14-L-tyrosine-;AKOS024456427;DA-52898;PD076229;
Endothelin-3, human, mouse, rabbit, rat is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the naturally occurring endothelin-3 isoform found across several mammalian species. As a member of the endothelin peptide family, it is recognized for its potent vasoactive properties and its crucial role in regulating vascular tone, cell proliferation, and developmental processes. The conserved sequence among human, mouse, rabbit, and rat variants makes it a valuable tool for comparative physiological studies and cross-species research. Researchers leverage its unique biochemical profile to investigate not only vascular biology but also neural crest-derived tissue development and receptor-mediated signaling pathways.
Receptor binding studies: Endothelin-3 is extensively utilized in receptor binding assays to characterize the specificity and affinity of endothelin receptors, particularly the ET_A and ET_B subtypes. By employing labeled or unlabeled forms of the peptide, scientists can delineate receptor-ligand interactions, assess competitive binding dynamics, and map receptor distribution in various tissues. These studies are fundamental for understanding how different endothelin isoforms contribute to physiological and pathophysiological signaling in vascular and nonvascular systems.
Signal transduction research: Owing to its ability to activate G protein-coupled endothelin receptors, this peptide serves as a robust agonist in signal transduction experiments. Researchers employ it to probe downstream effects such as intracellular calcium mobilization, kinase activation, and gene expression modulation. These insights are crucial for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelin-mediated cellular responses, including those relevant to smooth muscle contraction, cell migration, and differentiation.
Developmental biology applications: Endothelin-3 plays an essential role in the development of neural crest-derived tissues, including enteric neurons and melanocytes. In vitro and in vivo models utilize this peptide to study the molecular cues that guide cell migration, proliferation, and lineage specification during embryogenesis. Such investigations advance the understanding of congenital disorders linked to endothelin signaling disruptions and provide a foundation for exploring developmental processes across species.
Comparative physiology: The availability of endothelin-3 in human, mouse, rabbit, and rat forms enables direct cross-species analysis of peptide function and receptor pharmacology. Comparative studies using these homologous peptides facilitate the identification of conserved and divergent biological effects, supporting translational research and the validation of animal models for human physiology. This approach is particularly valuable in vascular biology, neurobiology, and developmental genetics.
Peptide synthesis and analytical standards: As a well-characterized peptide, endothelin-3 serves as a reference standard in peptide synthesis protocols and analytical method development. Its defined sequence and properties make it suitable for validating chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, ensuring accuracy in peptide quantification and purity assessment. Laboratories involved in peptide production or quality control often employ it as a benchmark to optimize synthesis conditions and analytical workflows.
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