What is dihexa peptide?

What is dihexa?

Dihexa (also known as PNB-0408, or scientifically as N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6) aminohexanoic amide) is a derivative of angiotensin IV, which is part of the renin-angiotensin system. It has garnered significant attention for its potential in cognitive enhancement and the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Dihexa is structurally an oligopeptide, allowing it to effectively cross the blood-brain barrier, which is a crucial feature for healthy brain function and neurological effectiveness.

Dihexa half life

The in-vivo pharmacokinetics of dihexa have been assessed in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. According to the report, dihexa demonstrated a prolonged circulating half-life (t1/2) of 12.68 days subsequent to i.v. administration and 8.83 days following i.p. administration ( McCoy A.T., et al., 2013 ).

Dihexa mechanism of action

Dihexa therapy's mechanism of action involves the potentiation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-Met, which plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and neurotrophic support. Dihexa is designed to mimic a natural process that occurs within our brains. Dihexa binds itself with an enzyme called hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) associated with the generation of fresh neurons.

When dihexa binds to HGF, it enhances the activity of this growth factor, and leads to the increased production of c-Met receptors, thereby ultimately amplifying neural connectivity within the body. This enhancement of activity of HGF is crucial because HGF plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, particularly those related to growth and regeneration.

By increasing the efficacy of HGF, dihexa also contributes to a reduction in the body's exposure to harmful chemical reactions. These reactions can often impede cellular health and function, leading to a range of negative outcomes. The ability of dihexa to mitigate these adverse effects is a significant advantage, as it helps to create a more favorable environment for cellular processes.

What is dihexa used for?

Dihexa, a highly potent peptide possessing neuroregenerative properties, is primarily being investigated for its potential applications in augmenting cognitive function and addressing neurological disorders. Research indicates that dihexa fosters the development of novel neurons and reinforces synaptic connections within the brain, both of which are crucial for processes related to learning and memory. Scientists anticipate that by supporting the growth and functionality of brain cells, dihexa may potentially slow down or even reverse cognitive decline. Furthermore, the peptide's capacity to replicate the effects of angiotensin IV further emphasizes its potential in the realms of neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement.

In addition to its cognitive enhancement capabilities, dihexa is also being explored for its benefits in neurological conditions such as stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Preclinical studies have suggested that dihexa may facilitate neurorepair processes following such injuries by promoting neuronal regeneration and enhancing neurological outcomes. This aspect of angiotensin IV's research underscores its potential as a neuroprotective agent, offering the prospect of innovative treatments that could alleviate the long-term consequences of brain trauma and improve recovery rates.

Dihexa cancer

Dihexa, a compound that has shown potential in cancer research, is currently being investigated for its ability to inhibit the growth and spread of cancer cells. This experimental substance, classified as a hexapeptide, has demonstrated promising results in preclinical studies, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for various types of cancer. Dihexa is being explored for its efficacy in treating cancer through its interaction with the HGH (Human Growth Hormone) receptor and the c-Met pathway. The c-Met pathway is a critical signaling mechanism involved in cell growth, proliferation, and migration, and its dysregulation is often associated with various types of cancer. By focusing its effects on a specific biological pathway, dihexa holds the hypothetical potential to suppress the irregular and uncontrolled cell proliferation and dissemination that are hallmarks of malignant tumors. While it is crucial to conduct additional research to gain a comprehensive understanding of how dihexa operates at the molecular level and to ascertain its safety profile and therapeutic efficacy within clinical environments, the preliminary data and research outcomes related to dihexa are promising.

Dihexa benefits

1. Neuroregeneration

Dihexa has the potential to stimulate the creation of new neurons and enhance synaptic flexibility. This capability could be particularly significant in the context of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The stimulation of neurogenesis, which is the process of generating new neurons, is a critical area of study because it offers the possibility of repairing or replacing neurons that have been damaged or lost due to these progressive and debilitating conditions. Additionally, the enhancement of synaptic flexibility, which refers to the brain's ability to recognize synaptic connections and adapt to new information or changes, could potentially improve cognitive function and slow down the progression of symptoms associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

2. Cognitive enhancement

Preliminary research conducted in the preclinical stage has indicated that the compound dihexa holds promise in enhancing various aspects of cognitive abilities. This experimental substance appears to offer potential benefits for improving memory retention, facilitating the learning process, and boosting attention spans. These findings suggest that dihexa could play a significant role in addressing cognitive impairments and potentially aiding individuals suffering from conditions that affect their mental acuity. However, it is important to note that these studies have been conducted on animals or in laboratory settings, and further research is necessary to determine the efficacy and safety of dihexa in humans.

3. Potential for mood regulation

Dihexa is believed to possess certain properties that could potentially influence and regulate mood. However, it is crucial to emphasize that while preliminary evidence suggests this intriguing possibility, more comprehensive and in-depth research is essential to fully understand the underlying mechanisms by which dihexa might exert its effects on mood regulation.

What does dihexa do?

Dihexa, a small molecule peptide, is particularly noteworthy for its capacity to penetrate the brain and facilitate the repair and growth of neurons, which is a crucial factor in addressing cognitive decline. The biological effects of dihexa are procognitive and reliant on its interaction with HGF, followed by modulation of c-Met activity. Studies indicate that dihexa binds to and allosterically activates HGF more efficiently than HGF alone, creating an active HGF-dihexa heterodimer. This heterodimer, in the presence of subthreshold HGF levels, further influences c-Met phosphorylation and enhances HGF-mediated cell scattering. Furthermore, dihexa promotes hippocampal spinogenesis and synaptogenesis in a manner similar to HGF.

Dihexa function

The therapeutic potential of the dihexa peptide is not confined solely to its neurogenic properties; it encompasses a broader spectrum of functions. Extensive research has demonstrated that dihexa has the ability to enhance cognitive function by significantly boosting memory and improving learning processes in individuals. This dual-action effect positions it as a highly valuable therapeutic option for addressing and managing cognitive impairments, as well as a wide array of neurological disorders. Dihexa peptide actively engages in the repair process, targeting the synapse, which is the critical junction where neurons communicate with each other. By focusing on the restoration of synaptic integrity, dihexa peptide offers a novel approach to not just halt but potentially reverse the damage caused by neurodegenerative conditions. This makes it a promising candidate in the quest for more effective treatments for cognitive decline and brain-related illnesses.

Dihexa vs semax

Classed as a hepapeptide, semax, which has the chemical structure MEHFPGP, is a synthetic analogue of the naturally adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This compound exerts its effects by increasing the expression levels of a protein known as BDNF, which stands for brain-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as its corresponding signaling receptor within the hippocampus region of the brain. The hippocampus is a critical area involved in learning and memory processes. Semax's mechanism of action involves a rapid stimulation of the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the brain, which are neurotransmitter systems that play vital roles in mood regulation, motivation, and cognitive functions. By enhancing the activity of these systems, semax has the potential to improve various aspects of brain performance, including cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection. It is apparent that aod9604 and semax possess distinct chemical structures and functional mechanisms. Nonetheless, both synthetic compounds demonstrate comparable advantages in enhancing cognition.

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FAQ

What is another name for Dihexa?

Dihexa, also known as N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6) aminohexanoic amide, is an oligopeptide and angiotensin IV-derived drug that binds with high affinity to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and potentiates its activity at its receptor, c-Met.

References

1. Sun X.J., et al., AngIV-Analog Dihexa Rescues Cognitive Impairment and Recovers Memory in the APP/PS1 Mouse via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.Brain Sci. 2021,11;11(11):1487.
2. McCoy A.T., et al.,Evaluation of metabolically stabilized angiotensin IV analogs as procognitive/antidementia agents. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2013, 344, 141–154.