AamTx3 is a blocker of KV4 channel, which blocks A-type K+ current (ISA) in mouse cerebellar granule neurons.
CAT No: R0861
AmmTX3 is a peptide toxin originally isolated from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus, and it is recognized for its potent and highly selective inhibition of Kv4 family voltage-gated potassium channels. As a short-chain peptide, AmmTX3 is a valuable molecular tool for dissecting the physiological and pharmacological roles of A-type potassium currents in excitable cells. Its unique specificity and well-characterized mechanism of action have made it a prominent reagent in neurophysiology, cardiac electrophysiology, and ion channel research, where understanding the modulation of potassium channels is central to elucidating cellular excitability and signal transduction.
Ion channel research: AmmTX3 serves as a gold-standard inhibitor for Kv4 subfamily channels, enabling precise functional analysis of A-type potassium currents in neurons and cardiomyocytes. By selectively blocking these channels, researchers can parse out the contributions of Kv4-mediated currents to action potential shaping, repolarization, and firing frequency in various excitable tissues. The peptide's high affinity and specificity are critical for studies aiming to distinguish Kv4 activity from other potassium channel subtypes, facilitating the mapping of channel distribution and function in complex tissues.
Neurophysiological studies: The peptide is widely employed to investigate the role of A-type potassium channels in regulating neuronal excitability, synaptic integration, and plasticity. By applying AmmTX3 to cultured neurons or brain slice preparations, scientists can examine how Kv4 channel inhibition influences membrane potential dynamics, dendritic signal processing, and synaptic responsiveness. Such studies provide insight into the molecular underpinnings of learning, memory, and neuronal network behavior, as well as the pathophysiology of neurological disorders associated with altered potassium channel function.
Cardiac electrophysiology: In cardiac research, AmmTX3 is used to dissect the specific contributions of Kv4 channels to the transient outward potassium current (Ito) in atrial and ventricular myocytes. Its application allows for the detailed characterization of Ito's role in cardiac action potential repolarization, arrhythmogenesis, and regional heterogeneity of electrical signaling across the myocardium. This targeted approach supports the development of mechanistic models of cardiac excitability and aids in identifying potential molecular targets for anti-arrhythmic strategies, within the context of basic research.
Peptide pharmacology and structure-activity studies: The unique structure and function of AmmTX3 make it an important reference compound for investigating the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of scorpion toxins and related peptide inhibitors. Researchers utilize the peptide in mutagenesis studies, binding assays, and molecular modeling to elucidate the key determinants of channel selectivity and affinity. These insights advance the rational design of novel peptide-based modulators and contribute to a deeper understanding of toxin-channel interactions at the molecular level.
Electrophysiological assay development: AmmTX3 is frequently incorporated into in vitro assay systems designed to screen for modulators of Kv4 channels or to validate the selectivity of new pharmacological compounds. Its well-defined inhibitory profile provides a reliable benchmark for assay calibration and quality control in both academic and industrial research settings. By serving as a reference inhibitor, it enhances the accuracy and reproducibility of high-throughput screening platforms targeting voltage-gated potassium channel modulators.
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