[Pyr1]-Apelin-13 is a highly potent, selective endogenous apelin receptor (APJ) agonist.
CAT No: HB00085
CAS No:217082-60-5
Synonyms/Alias:217082-60-5;[Pyr1]-Apelin-13;(Glp1)-Apelin-13;(pGlu1)apelin-13;Pyr-apelin-13;(Pyr1)apelin-13;[Pyr1]apelin-13;p-Glu-RPRLSHKGPMPF;CHEMBL3184840;CHEBI:138186;(Glp1)-Apelin-13, human, bovine;p-Glu-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe;[pGlu1]-Apelin-13;L-p-Glu-L-Arg-L-Pro-L-Arg-L-Leu-L-Ser-L-His-L-Lys-Gly-L-Pro-L-Met-L-Pro-L-Phe;5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-histidyl-L-lysylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-methionyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine;L-Phenylalanine, 5-oxo-L-Prolyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-histidyl-L-lysylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-methionyl-L-prolyl-;Glu1-apelin-13;[Pyr1]-Apelin 13;(Pyr 1)-Apelin-13;Glp1-Apelin-13 human bovine;BDBM50014619;AKOS024457089;[Pyr1]-Apelin-13 trifluoroacetate salt;NCGC00167298-01;FP109298;G13082;(Glp1)-Apelin-13;Pglu-arg-pro-arg-leu-ser-his-lys-gly-pro-met-pro-phe;
(Glp1)-Apelin-13, human, bovine is a synthetic peptide that corresponds to a naturally occurring isoform of apelin-13, a bioactive peptide derived from the C-terminal region of the preproapelin precursor. Apelin peptides are endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled APJ receptor and are implicated in a wide array of physiological processes, including cardiovascular regulation, fluid homeostasis, and metabolic signaling. The Glp1 (pyroglutamylated) modification at the N-terminus of apelin-13 confers enhanced stability and distinct receptor interaction properties, making this peptide of significant interest in both fundamental and applied biochemical research. The availability of both human and bovine sequences enables comparative studies across species, supporting investigations into evolutionary conservation and species-specific biological responses.
Receptor Binding Studies: As a potent ligand for the APJ receptor, (Glp1)-Apelin-13 is widely used in receptor binding assays to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying apelinergic signaling. Its high affinity and specificity for the APJ receptor allow for detailed characterization of ligand-receptor interactions, including binding kinetics, receptor activation profiles, and downstream signaling cascades. Such studies are essential for understanding the nuances of GPCR-mediated signal transduction and for dissecting the role of apelin peptides in various physiological contexts.
Signal Transduction Research: The peptide serves as a valuable tool for probing intracellular signaling pathways activated by APJ receptor engagement. By applying (Glp1)-Apelin-13 to cultured cells or tissue preparations, researchers can investigate the activation of key signaling molecules such as ERK1/2, Akt, and G-proteins. These experiments provide insights into the modulation of cellular processes like proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, contributing to a deeper understanding of the functional consequences of apelin-APJ signaling in different biological systems.
Comparative Physiology: The inclusion of both human and bovine peptide sequences enables comparative analyses of apelinergic signaling across mammalian species. Researchers utilize this peptide to explore species-specific differences in receptor affinity, signaling efficacy, and physiological outcomes. Such comparative studies are invaluable for translational research, evolutionary biology, and the validation of animal models for human physiological processes.
Peptide Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Analysis: (Glp1)-Apelin-13 is frequently employed in structure-activity relationship studies aimed at delineating the critical structural features required for APJ receptor activation. By comparing the biological activity of the Glp1-modified peptide with other apelin isoforms or analogues, scientists can identify key residues and modifications that govern potency, selectivity, and receptor subtype specificity. These SAR investigations inform the rational design of novel peptide ligands with tailored pharmacological properties for research applications.
Peptide Synthesis and Analytical Reference: The synthetic availability and defined sequence of (Glp1)-Apelin-13 make it a reliable standard for peptide synthesis validation and analytical calibration. It is commonly used as a reference compound in mass spectrometry, chromatography, and quality control protocols, ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of peptide identification and quantification in complex biological samples. This role is particularly important for laboratories developing or validating analytical methods targeting apelin peptides or related biomarkers.
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