[Pyr1]-Apelin-13 is a highly potent, selective endogenous apelin receptor (APJ) agonist.
CAT No: HB00085
CAS No:217082-60-5
Synonyms/Alias:217082-60-5;[Pyr1]-Apelin-13;(Glp1)-Apelin-13;(pGlu1)apelin-13;Pyr-apelin-13;(Pyr1)apelin-13;[Pyr1]apelin-13;p-Glu-RPRLSHKGPMPF;CHEMBL3184840;CHEBI:138186;(Glp1)-Apelin-13, human, bovine;p-Glu-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe;[pGlu1]-Apelin-13;L-p-Glu-L-Arg-L-Pro-L-Arg-L-Leu-L-Ser-L-His-L-Lys-Gly-L-Pro-L-Met-L-Pro-L-Phe;5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-histidyl-L-lysylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-methionyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine;L-Phenylalanine, 5-oxo-L-Prolyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-histidyl-L-lysylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-methionyl-L-prolyl-;Glu1-apelin-13;[Pyr1]-Apelin 13;(Pyr 1)-Apelin-13;Glp1-Apelin-13 human bovine;BDBM50014619;AKOS024457089;[Pyr1]-Apelin-13 trifluoroacetate salt;NCGC00167298-01;FP109298;G13082;(Glp1)-Apelin-13;Pglu-arg-pro-arg-leu-ser-his-lys-gly-pro-met-pro-phe;
(Glp1)-Apelin-13, human, bovine, is a synthetic peptide that uniquely combines the functionalities of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Apelin-13, specifically tailored for use in both human and bovine research contexts. This hybrid peptide is engineered to facilitate the exploration of complex physiological pathways, particularly those involving metabolic, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine regulation. Its structural design allows for the investigation of receptor interactions and downstream signaling mechanisms, making it a valuable tool for advanced biochemical and pharmacological studies. By integrating the properties of GLP-1 and Apelin-13, this compound opens new avenues for understanding the crosstalk between peptide hormone systems and their broader biological implications.
Metabolic Regulation Studies: (Glp1)-Apelin-13 is frequently employed in metabolic research to investigate its influence on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Researchers utilize it to delineate the synergistic or antagonistic effects of GLP-1 and Apelin-13 signaling on insulin secretion, energy expenditure, and nutrient uptake. By applying this peptide in cell-based assays or animal models, scientists can unravel how these pathways interact to modulate metabolic processes, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying metabolic disorders and potential intervention points for therapeutic innovation.
Cardiovascular Function Analysis: In cardiovascular research, the hybrid peptide serves as a powerful probe to elucidate the impact of combined GLP-1 and Apelin-13 activity on vascular tone, cardiac contractility, and endothelial function. Experimental protocols often involve perfusion systems or isolated tissue preparations to assess how it modulates blood flow, myocardial performance, and resistance vessel reactivity. These studies are instrumental in mapping the signaling networks that govern cardiovascular health and in identifying key molecular targets involved in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiac output.
Neuroendocrine System Investigations: The application of (Glp1)-Apelin-13 extends to the neuroendocrine field, where it is used to study its effects on hypothalamic-pituitary signaling and central nervous system regulation. Researchers leverage its dual activity to dissect the integration of metabolic and stress-related signals within the brain, employing both in vitro and in vivo models. This approach enables the identification of neuropeptide interactions that influence appetite, stress response, and hormone release, thereby advancing the understanding of neural control over endocrine and metabolic functions.
Pharmacological Screening and Receptor Profiling: Another significant application involves the use of the peptide in high-throughput screening assays to characterize receptor specificity and agonist/antagonist profiles. Scientists employ it to map the binding affinities and activation patterns of GLP-1 and Apelin receptors, facilitating the discovery of novel ligands and the development of more selective modulators. These studies contribute to the optimization of peptide-based drug candidates and deepen the knowledge of receptor pharmacodynamics.
Comparative Species Research: (Glp1)-Apelin-13, human, bovine, is also instrumental in comparative biology, where it supports the exploration of species-specific differences in peptide signaling pathways. By comparing the responses of human and bovine systems to the hybrid peptide, researchers can identify conserved and divergent mechanisms, enhancing the translational relevance of animal models and informing the selection of appropriate research organisms for further study.
Signal Transduction Pathway Elucidation: The peptide is widely used to dissect intracellular signaling cascades activated by GLP-1 and Apelin-13. Utilizing advanced molecular biology techniques, such as reporter assays and phosphoproteomics, investigators can trace the downstream effects of receptor engagement, including the modulation of cyclic AMP levels, kinase activation, and gene expression changes. These efforts are crucial for mapping the complex networks that mediate the biological actions of peptide hormones and for identifying potential intervention points for modulating these pathways in various physiological and pathological contexts.
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