Homocarnosine is an endogenous dipeptide distributed in cerebral regions and cerebrospinal fluid.
CAT No: R1914
CAS No:3650-73-5
Synonyms/Alias:Homocarnosine;L-Homocarnosine;3650-73-5;gamma-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine;(S)-2-(4-Aminobutanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid;gamma-Aminobutyrylhistidine;N-(4-Aminobutyryl)-L-histidine;L-Homocarnosine free base;Histidine, N-(4-aminobutyryl)-, L-;(4-aminobutanoyl)-L-histidine;CHEBI:85981;(2S)-2-(4-aminobutanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid;(2S)-2-(4-aminobutanoylamino)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid;gamma-Aminobutyryl histidine;M8L4BH36SC;.gamma.-Aminobutyrylhistidine;NSC-92522;(S)-homocarnosine;(2S)-homocarnosine;gamma-aminobutyryl-L-His;gamma-aminobutyrilhistidine;g-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine;SCHEMBL541261;N-(4-aminobutyryl)-Histidine;CHEMBL243618;N-(4-Aminobutanoyl)histidine #;N-(4-aminobutanoyl)-L-histidine;CCLQKVKJOGVQLU-QMMMGPOBSA-N;N-(4-Amino-1-oxobutyryl)histidine;N-(4-aminobutanoyl)-(S)-histidine;AKOS010421285;AKOS040752034;N(alpha)-(4-aminobutyryl)-L-histidine;DB-188427;HY-114883;CS-0064557;N-(4-AMINO-1-OXOBUTYL)-L-HISTIDINE;C00884;EN300-172451;Q27158831;
Chemical Name:(2S)-2-(4-aminobutanoylamino)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid
L-Homocarnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide composed of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-histidine, primarily found in the mammalian central nervous system. As a unique neuroactive peptide, it exhibits distinct biochemical properties that have attracted attention in neurochemistry and peptide research. Its structural similarity to other endogenous dipeptides and its role in modulating neurotransmitter systems make it a valuable tool for investigating biochemical pathways related to neuronal function, oxidative stress, and peptide metabolism. The availability of L-Homocarnosine in high-quality research-grade form enables a range of experimental applications across neuroscience, biochemistry, and analytical studies.
Neurotransmitter modulation studies: L-Homocarnosine serves as a critical reagent for exploring the interplay between inhibitory neurotransmitters and peptide signaling in the brain. Researchers utilize it to investigate how endogenous dipeptides influence GABAergic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal excitability. Its unique composition allows for the dissection of mechanisms underlying neurotransmitter balance, offering insights into the biochemical basis of neural communication and potential dysregulation in neurodegenerative conditions.
Oxidative stress and antioxidant research: The compound has been employed in studies assessing cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative damage within neural tissues. Due to its imidazole ring, derived from the histidine residue, L-Homocarnosine exhibits potential free radical scavenging activity. Experimental systems often include it to evaluate its impact on reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulation, lipid peroxidation, and the protection of neuronal cells from oxidative insults, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of endogenous neuroprotection.
Peptide metabolism and enzymology: As a substrate for specific dipeptidases and carnosinases, L-Homocarnosine is instrumental in elucidating the enzymatic pathways responsible for dipeptide turnover in the brain. Its use in in vitro enzymatic assays enables the characterization of substrate specificity, kinetic parameters, and regulatory mechanisms of peptidases that govern peptide homeostasis. These studies inform broader research on peptide metabolism and the physiological role of dipeptidases in neural tissues.
Analytical method development: The unique structure of L-Homocarnosine makes it an excellent model compound for the development and validation of analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis. It is frequently used as a reference standard or calibration compound for the detection and quantification of endogenous dipeptides in biological samples. This facilitates accurate measurement of peptide levels in complex matrices and supports advancements in biomarker discovery.
Neuropharmacological screening: L-Homocarnosine is also utilized in the screening of compounds that may modulate dipeptide-related pathways. By incorporating it into in vitro or ex vivo assay systems, researchers can evaluate the effects of pharmacological agents on dipeptide stability, uptake, and metabolism. Such applications are crucial for identifying potential modulators of peptide signaling and for dissecting the pharmacodynamics of novel neuroactive compounds, thereby supporting the development of new research tools in neurochemistry.
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