Substance P (SP) is an endogenous tachykinin neuropeptide that is involved in inflammatory, pain, and stress signaling; it exhibits neuroprotective, cognition-enhancing, and gastrointestinal motility modulating activities. SP is the natural ligand for the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor.
CAT No: R1875
CAS No:68060-49-1
Synonyms/Alias:68060-49-1;Substance P (1-7);2-[[5-amino-2-[[5-amino-2-[[1-[6-amino-2-[[1-[2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid;H-Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-OH;Substance P 1-7;DTXSID30391872;AKOS037645190;AS-58201;PD087830;G77863;2-[2-(2-{[1-(6-AMINO-2-{[1-(2-AMINO-5-CARBAMIMIDAMIDOPENTANOYL)PYRROLIDIN-2-YL]FORMAMIDO}HEXANOYL)PYRROLIDIN-2-YL]FORMAMIDO}-4-CARBAMOYLBUTANAMIDO)-4-CARBAMOYLBUTANAMIDO]-3-PHENYLPROPANOIC ACID;
Chemical Name:2-[[5-amino-2-[[5-amino-2-[[1-[6-amino-2-[[1-[2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid
Substance P (1-7) is a synthetic peptide fragment corresponding to the N-terminal sequence of the neuropeptide Substance P, a member of the tachykinin family. As a heptapeptide, it represents amino acids 1 to 7 of the full-length undecapeptide, preserving key features of the parent molecule while lacking the C-terminal residues critical for full receptor activation. Its unique sequence and biochemical properties make it a valuable tool for investigating the structure-activity relationships of neuropeptides, dissecting receptor interactions, and exploring the physiological roles of tachykinin fragments in neural and non-neural tissues. Researchers utilize this peptide fragment to elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of peptide signaling, receptor specificity, and the functional relevance of truncated neuropeptide forms.
Receptor Binding Studies: As a truncated analog of the full-length neuropeptide, the heptapeptide is widely employed in receptor binding assays to probe the importance of the N-terminal region in ligand-receptor interactions. By comparing its binding affinity and activity to that of the intact peptide, scientists can delineate the structural determinants required for optimal engagement with neurokinin receptors, particularly the NK1 subtype. This approach facilitates the identification of minimal binding motifs and informs the rational design of selective receptor modulators.
Peptide Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis: The fragment serves as a model substrate for comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations. Its defined sequence enables systematic modification of individual residues, allowing researchers to assess how alterations in the N-terminal domain affect biological activity, receptor selectivity, and peptide stability. Such SAR studies are instrumental in advancing the understanding of peptide-receptor interactions and in guiding the development of novel analogs with tailored pharmacological properties.
Neuropeptide Degradation Pathway Research: Due to its status as a naturally occurring degradation product of the full-length neuropeptide, the heptapeptide is utilized in enzymatic studies focused on neuropeptide catabolism. It provides a substrate for characterizing the activity of peptidases and proteases involved in the metabolic processing of tachykinins. By monitoring the generation and fate of this fragment in vitro or in tissue extracts, investigators gain insights into the regulatory mechanisms that control neuropeptide signaling termination and clearance.
Neuronal Signaling Mechanism Elucidation: In neurobiological research, the peptide fragment is applied to dissect the functional contributions of the N-terminal sequence to neuronal signaling pathways. Experimental use in cultured neurons or tissue preparations enables the evaluation of its capacity to modulate neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, or intracellular signaling cascades, independent of the full-length peptide's C-terminal domain. These investigations help clarify the physiological significance of truncated tachykinins and their potential roles as endogenous modulators.
Peptide Synthesis and Analytical Reference: The defined structure and sequence of the heptapeptide make it a useful reference standard in peptide synthesis and analytical method development. It is employed to calibrate chromatographic systems, validate mass spectrometric detection, and optimize purification protocols for tachykinin-related peptides. Its availability supports rigorous quality control in peptide production and facilitates the accurate quantification of related fragments in complex biological samples.
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