Cyclo(His-Pro) (TFA) forms a diketopiperazine ring incorporating histidine and proline, creating a rigid conformation. Protonated states influence hydrogen bonding and aromatic interactions. Researchers study its behavior across pH conditions. Uses include cyclic-peptide research, structural analysis, and solvent-dependent folding studies.
CAT No: R2690
CAS No:936749-56-3
Synonyms/Alias:Cyclo(his-pro) (TFA);Cyclo(his-pro) TFA;936749-56-3;(3S,8AS)-3-((1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate;HY-101402A;MS-25358;CS-0104166;G17293;(3S,8aS)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,3,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid;
Cyclo(his-pro) (TFA), also known as cyclo(L-histidyl-L-proline) trifluoroacetate, is a cyclic dipeptide composed of the amino acids histidine and proline. This stable diketopiperazine structure exhibits unique physicochemical properties, including resistance to enzymatic degradation and enhanced membrane permeability compared to linear peptides. The trifluoroacetate salt form further improves its solubility and handling in laboratory environments, making it an attractive candidate for a variety of scientific applications. Researchers are drawn to Cyclo(his-pro) (TFA) for its involvement in numerous biological processes, its role in peptide signaling, and its potential as a building block in peptide-based research.
Neuroscience research: Cyclo(his-pro) (TFA) is widely used in neuroscience studies to investigate its modulatory effects on neurotransmitter systems. Its presence in the central nervous system, particularly in brain regions associated with cognitive function and neuroprotection, makes it a valuable tool for elucidating signaling pathways and receptor interactions. Scientists utilize this cyclic dipeptide to probe the mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity, neurochemical release, and the regulation of neuronal excitability, thereby advancing the understanding of brain physiology and neurochemical communication.
Peptide signaling studies: In the realm of peptide signaling, cyclo(L-histidyl-L-proline) serves as an important model compound for examining diketopiperazine-mediated interactions. Its cyclic structure confers stability and bioactivity, allowing researchers to explore its role in intercellular communication and molecular recognition events. By incorporating this dipeptide into experimental systems, investigators can analyze the dynamics of peptide-receptor binding, signal transduction processes, and the modulation of secondary messenger cascades, contributing to the broader field of chemical biology.
Analytical standards: Cyclo(his-pro) (TFA) is frequently employed as a reference standard in analytical chemistry, particularly in chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. Its well-defined molecular structure and physicochemical characteristics enable accurate calibration and quantification in peptide profiling assays. Laboratories rely on this compound to validate analytical protocols, ensure reproducibility, and facilitate the identification of diketopiperazines in complex biological mixtures, supporting high-precision peptide research and quality control efforts.
Pharmaceutical research: The application of cyclo(L-histidyl-L-proline) extends to pharmaceutical discovery, where it serves as a scaffold for the design and synthesis of novel peptide-based compounds. Its enzymatic stability and bioactive conformation provide a foundation for developing molecules with improved pharmacokinetic properties and target specificity. Medicinal chemists investigate its structure-activity relationships to design analogs with enhanced biological activities, paving the way for innovative therapeutic candidates and drug delivery strategies.
Biomarker investigation: In the context of biomarker research, Cyclo(his-pro) (TFA) is utilized to study its occurrence and concentration in various physiological and pathological states. Its quantification in biological fluids and tissues aids in the identification of disease-associated metabolic signatures and the elucidation of underlying biochemical pathways. By leveraging advanced analytical techniques, researchers can monitor changes in its levels as indicators of metabolic alterations, thereby contributing to the discovery of novel diagnostic and prognostic markers.
Food chemistry and safety: Cyclo(his-pro) (TFA) also finds application in food science, where it is studied for its formation during food processing and its potential impact on flavor and safety. Its presence in protein-rich foods, such as fermented products, provides insight into Maillard reactions and peptide cyclization events. Food chemists investigate its sensory properties and potential biological effects, enhancing the understanding of food quality, safety, and nutritional value. Through these diverse applications, Cyclo(his-pro) (TFA) continues to play a pivotal role in advancing scientific knowledge across multiple disciplines.
2. SERS spectrum of the peptide thymosin‐β4 obtained with Ag nanorod substrate
4. High fat diet and GLP-1 drugs induce pancreatic injury in mice
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