Endomorphin-2 is a peptide amide with the highest known affinity and specificity for the mu-opioid receptor.
CAT No: R1853
CAS No:141801-26-5
Synonyms/Alias:Endomorphin 2;Endomorphin-2;141801-26-5;tetrapeptide-15;Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2;L-Phenylalaninamide, L-tyrosyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-;H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2;UNII-3PH5M0466G;3PH5M0466G;tyrosyl-prolyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalaninamide;CHEMBL333357;(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;DTXSID70415506;Endomorphin 2 TFA;(S)-1-(L-tyrosyl)-N-((S)-1-(((S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;(2S)-2-{[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-N-[(1S)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl]-3-phenylpropanamide;(S)-N-((S)-1-((S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-ylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-((S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;(2S)-1-((2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)-N-((2S)-1-(((2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;(2S)-2-((((2S)-1-((2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene)amino)-N-((1S)-1-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)-2-phenylethyl)-3-phenylpropanimidate;(2S)-2-(((2S)-1-((2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)formamido)-N-((1S)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenylethyl)-3-phenylpropanamide;(2S)-2-({[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-N-[(1S)-1-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)-2-phenylethyl]-3-phenylpropanimidate;l-tyrosyl-l-prolyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-phenylalaninamide;GTPL3668;L-Phenylalaninamide,L-tyrosyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-;TETRAPEPTIDE-15 [INCI];DTXCID60366356;XIJHWXXXIMEHKW-LJWNLINESA-N;C32H37N5O5;l-tyrosyl-l-prolyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-phenylalaninamide, (-)-;Endomorphin-2 trifluoroacetate salt;HY-P0186;BDBM50139013;HB2411;MFCD01321064;AKOS024456356;NCGC00163677-01;NCGC00163677-02;DA-73105;FE109150;H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2; H-YPFF-NH2;TS-09634;G78410;Q19597070;(S)-1-[(S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid [(S)-1-((S)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-2-phenyl-ethyl]-amide;1-[(S)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylicacid[1-((S)-(S)-1-carbamoyl-2-phenyl-ethylcarbamoyl)-2-phenyl-ethyl]-amide;
Chemical Name:(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]-N-[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
Endomorphin 2 is a naturally occurring tetrapeptide belonging to the endogenous opioid peptide family, characterized by its high affinity and selectivity for the μ-opioid receptor. Structurally, it is composed of the amino acid sequence Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe, which confers distinctive receptor binding properties and biological activity. As one of the principal endogenous ligands for μ-opioid receptors, Endomorphin 2 plays a pivotal role in modulating pain perception, reward pathways, and neurophysiological processes in mammals. Its unique pharmacological profile and receptor specificity have made it an important molecule for advancing research in neurobiology, peptide receptor pharmacology, and the development of novel opioid-based tools for basic science.
Receptor Binding Studies: Endomorphin 2 is widely employed in receptor binding assays to elucidate the molecular interactions and binding kinetics of endogenous opioid peptides with μ-opioid receptors. Its high selectivity makes it an ideal reference ligand for competitive binding experiments, enabling researchers to characterize the affinity and specificity of novel opioid receptor modulators. These studies are fundamental for understanding the structural determinants of ligand-receptor interactions and for mapping the binding domains critical for receptor activation or inhibition.
Neuropharmacological Research: The peptide serves as a valuable tool in neuropharmacological investigations aimed at dissecting the roles of endogenous opioids in central nervous system signaling. By using Endomorphin 2 in in vitro and ex vivo preparations, scientists can probe the mechanisms underlying synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and modulation of neurotransmitter release. Such research is instrumental in clarifying the physiological functions of μ-opioid receptor signaling and its impact on neural circuit dynamics.
Peptide Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies: Endomorphin 2 is frequently utilized in structure-activity relationship analyses to assess how modifications to its peptide sequence influence biological activity and receptor interaction. Through systematic substitution or chemical modification of amino acid residues, researchers can delineate the structural features essential for receptor binding and signal transduction. These SAR studies provide crucial insights for the rational design of novel peptide analogs with tailored pharmacological properties.
Analytical Method Development: The compound is often used as a calibration standard or positive control in the development and validation of analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Its well-characterized structure and stability facilitate the optimization of detection methods for endogenous peptides in complex biological matrices. This application supports advancements in quantitative peptide analysis and enhances the reliability of bioanalytical measurements in research settings.
Peptide Receptor Signaling Pathway Elucidation: Endomorphin 2 is instrumental in studies aimed at unraveling the downstream signaling cascades activated by μ-opioid receptor engagement. By applying the peptide to cultured cells or tissue preparations, investigators can monitor intracellular signaling events such as G protein activation, second messenger production, and phosphorylation of key effector proteins. These investigations are essential for mapping the molecular pathways that mediate the physiological and cellular effects of opioid receptor activation, thereby advancing the broader understanding of opioid system biology.
1. Adipose tissue is a key organ for the beneficial effects of GLP-2 metabolic function
5. SERS spectrum of the peptide thymosin‐β4 obtained with Ag nanorod substrate
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