GIP (1-39) is an endogenous truncated form of the incretin hormone GIP.
CAT No: PI-001
CAS No:725474-97-5
Synonyms/Alias:Gip (1-39);725474-97-5;AEB47497;GIP(1-39);AKOS034831555;DA-53560;PD079287;Alternative Name: Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (1-39);
Chemical Name:5-[[2-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[6-amino-1-[[1-[[1-[[5-amino-1-[[5-amino-1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[4-amino-1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[5-amino-1-[[6-amino-1-[[2-[[6-amino-1-[[6-amino-1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[6-amino-1-[[1-[(3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-[2-[[2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
GIP (1-39), also known as Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (1-39), is a biologically active peptide hormone belonging to the incretin family. Structurally, it is a 39-amino acid peptide that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose metabolism by stimulating insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Its physiological relevance extends to the modulation of pancreatic β-cell function, lipid metabolism, and energy homeostasis. As a well-characterized peptide, GIP (1-39) is widely utilized in metabolic research, endocrinology studies, and investigations of gastrointestinal peptide signaling, providing a critical tool for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying nutrient-induced hormone release and metabolic regulation.
Metabolic research: GIP (1-39) is extensively employed in metabolic studies aimed at deciphering the complex pathways involved in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion. Researchers use the peptide to probe the incretin effect, specifically its ability to potentiate insulin release from pancreatic β-cells in response to oral glucose intake. By incorporating GIP (1-39) into in vitro and in vivo models, scientists can dissect the downstream signaling cascades triggered by GIP receptor activation, thereby gaining insights into the peptide's contribution to glucose tolerance and metabolic disease pathogenesis.
Peptide receptor pharmacology: In the field of receptor biology, GIP (1-39) serves as a reference agonist for the GIP receptor (GIPR), a G protein-coupled receptor expressed predominantly in pancreatic and intestinal tissues. Functional assays utilizing this peptide enable the characterization of GIPR ligand specificity, receptor binding kinetics, and downstream signal transduction events. Such studies are instrumental for screening novel GIPR modulators, evaluating receptor desensitization, and elucidating mechanisms of peptide-receptor interaction, which are essential for advancing drug discovery and therapeutic target validation.
Peptide synthesis and analytical validation: The well-defined sequence and bioactivity of GIP (1-39) make it a valuable standard in peptide synthesis laboratories. It is frequently used as a positive control or calibration standard in chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses, supporting method development for peptide purification, structural confirmation, and quantitation. The peptide's utility extends to quality control protocols, where its physicochemical properties and bioactivity benchmarks are leveraged to validate analytical workflows and ensure reproducibility in peptide manufacturing environments.
Endocrine signaling studies: GIP (1-39) is a critical tool for exploring the physiological roles of gastrointestinal hormones in endocrine signaling networks. Experimental models employing this peptide facilitate the investigation of cross-talk between incretin hormones, such as GIP and GLP-1, and their collective influence on insulin secretion, glucagon regulation, and energy balance. By manipulating GIP levels in controlled studies, researchers can delineate the peptide's contribution to enteroinsular axis function and its broader implications in metabolic adaptation and nutrient sensing.
Obesity and lipid metabolism research: The role of GIP (1-39) in adipose tissue biology and lipid metabolism has garnered increasing attention, with studies demonstrating its involvement in promoting lipid storage and adipogenesis. Investigators utilize the peptide to assess its effects on adipocyte differentiation, lipoprotein lipase activity, and triglyceride accumulation in cellular and animal models. These applications are essential for unraveling the molecular underpinnings of obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, thereby enhancing our understanding of how incretin peptides modulate energy storage and lipid handling in metabolic tissues.
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