Gramicidin S or Gramicidin Soviet is an antibiotic that is effective against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as some fungi.
CAT No: 10-101-248
CAS No:113-73-5
Synonyms/Alias:Gramicidin S;Gramicidin C;113-73-5;Gramicin S-A;Gramicin S 1;Gramicidina S;Gramicidin S [INN];Grammidin;Gramacidine S;Gramicidinum S;Gramacidine S [INN-French];Gramicidin s-a;Gramicidinum S [INN-Latin];Gramicidina S [INN-Spanish];Gramicidin s 1;gramicidine S;UNII-WHM29QA23F;WHM29QA23F;BRN 0605227;CHEBI:5530;Cyclo(L-valyl-L-ornithyl-L-leucyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-valyl-L-ornithyl-L-leucyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl);DTXSID6046008;GRAMICIDIN S [MI];GRAMICIDIN S [MART.];GRAMICIDIN S [WHO-DD];(3R,6S,9S,12S,15S,21R,24S,27S,30S,33S)-9,27-bis(3-aminopropyl)-3,21-dibenzyl-6,24-bis(2-methylpropyl)-12,30-di(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,19,22,25,28,31-decazatricyclo[31.3.0.015,19]hexatriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,20,23,26,29,32-decone;9062-61-7;DTXCID4026008;1,10-anhydro(L-leucyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-valyl-L-ornithyl-L-leucyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-valyl-L-ornithine);Gramacidine S (INN-French);Gramicidinum S (INN-Latin);GRAMICIDIN S (MART.);Gramicidina S (INN-Spanish);cyclo(L-leucyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-valyl-L-ornithyl-L-leucyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-valyl-L-ornithyl);gramicidin a s;NCGC00095992-01;Gramicidin S TFA salt;113-73-5?free base?;SCHEMBL135010;CHEMBL373496;HY-P5712;Tox21_111543;NCGC00095992-05;CAS-113-73-5;DA-63895;DA-73866;FG166334;CS-0889301;NS00011540;Q4147636;bis(3-aminopropyl)-dibenzyl-diisobutyl-diisopropyl-[?]decone;
Gramicidin S is a cyclic decapeptide antibiotic originally isolated from Bacillus brevis, renowned for its unique amphipathic structure and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Characterized by its ability to disrupt lipid bilayers, Gramicidin S exhibits a distinctive mechanism of action, making it a valuable tool in various scientific and industrial fields. Its robust stability and membrane interaction capabilities have positioned it as an important compound in biochemical research, pharmaceutical development, and microbiological studies. The peptide's ability to form stable β-sheet structures and integrate into phospholipid membranes underpins its versatility and effectiveness in diverse experimental systems, further enhancing its appeal to researchers exploring membrane dynamics, peptide-lipid interactions, and molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial activity.
Antimicrobial Research: Gramicidin S has been extensively utilized in antimicrobial studies to investigate the mechanisms underlying bacterial membrane disruption and cell death. Its well-characterized mode of action, involving the perturbation of membrane integrity and increased permeability, allows researchers to delineate the processes by which peptide antibiotics exert their effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. By employing Gramicidin S in experimental models, scientists can evaluate resistance development, study synergistic effects with other antimicrobial agents, and screen for novel compounds with enhanced efficacy, advancing the understanding of antibiotic function and resistance mechanisms.
Membrane Biophysics: In the field of membrane biophysics, Gramicidin S serves as a model peptide for probing the structural and functional properties of biological membranes. Its amphipathic nature and propensity to insert into lipid bilayers enable detailed studies of peptide-lipid interactions, membrane fluidity, and bilayer stability. Researchers often utilize Gramicidin S to assess the effects of membrane composition on peptide activity, elucidate the role of specific lipid components in membrane disruption, and develop artificial membrane systems for biophysical analyses. These investigations contribute to a deeper comprehension of membrane-associated phenomena and inform the design of synthetic peptides with tailored functionalities.
Pharmaceutical Formulation: Gramicidin S is also employed in pharmaceutical formulation research, particularly in the development of topical antimicrobial agents and preservative systems. Its potent activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms makes it an attractive candidate for incorporation into ointments, creams, and other topical preparations. Formulation scientists study the stability, compatibility, and release characteristics of Gramicidin S in various delivery systems, aiming to optimize its performance and extend its shelf life. Insights gained from these studies support the creation of effective and stable antimicrobial products for use in non-clinical settings.
Analytical Method Development: The unique chemical structure and bioactivity of Gramicidin S make it a valuable reference compound in analytical chemistry. It is frequently employed as a standard for validating chromatographic and spectroscopic methods used to quantify peptide antibiotics in complex matrices. Analytical chemists leverage its distinct physicochemical properties to develop and refine detection techniques, ensuring accurate identification and quantification of similar compounds in research and quality control laboratories. This application is critical for maintaining the reliability and reproducibility of experimental results involving peptide-based substances.
Biotechnology Research: In biotechnology, Gramicidin S is investigated for its role in modulating microbial communities and influencing bioprocesses. Its selective antimicrobial action can be harnessed to control contamination in fermentation systems, enhance the yield of desired products, or study microbial interactions in controlled environments. Researchers explore its effects on microbial ecology, metabolic pathways, and the stability of engineered strains, contributing to the advancement of industrial biotechnology and microbial engineering. Through these diverse application areas, Gramicidin S continues to be an indispensable tool in scientific research, driving innovation and discovery across multiple disciplines.
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