PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat TFA is a potent PACAP receptor antagonist with IC50s of 30, 600, and 40 nM for PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2, respectively.
CAT No: R1594
PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat TFA is a synthetic peptide fragment derived from the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) family, specifically corresponding to amino acid residues 6 through 38. This peptide functions as a potent and selective antagonist of PAC1 receptors, a class of G protein-coupled receptors involved in neuropeptide signaling. By mimicking a conserved sequence across human, ovine, and rat species, PACAP (6-38) enables cross-species comparative studies and provides a valuable biochemical tool for dissecting the physiological and molecular roles of PACAP-mediated pathways. Its trifluoroacetate (TFA) salt form ensures stability and solubility, facilitating reliable incorporation into diverse experimental protocols. The compound's specificity and well-characterized mode of action have made it an essential reagent in neurobiology, endocrinology, and peptide signaling research.
Receptor Antagonism Studies: As a highly selective PAC1 receptor antagonist, PACAP (6-38) is widely employed to investigate the functional significance of PACAP signaling in neural and endocrine systems. Researchers utilize it to block endogenous PACAP activity, thereby isolating the contribution of PAC1-mediated pathways in processes such as neurotransmitter release, neuroprotection, and neurodevelopment. Its application in receptor binding and functional assays allows for precise delineation of PACAP's physiological effects and receptor subtype selectivity, supporting the elucidation of complex signaling cascades.
Signal Transduction Research: The peptide is instrumental in dissecting downstream signaling events triggered by PACAP receptors. By inhibiting PAC1 activation, scientists can assess alterations in intracellular cAMP accumulation, calcium mobilization, and MAPK pathway activation. These studies contribute to a detailed understanding of how PACAP influences cellular responses such as gene expression, synaptic plasticity, and cell survival, offering insights into fundamental neurochemical processes and potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
Neurophysiological and Behavioral Models: PACAP (6-38) is frequently incorporated into in vivo and ex vivo models to explore its effects on neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and behavioral outcomes. By modulating PACAP signaling in animal models, researchers can investigate its role in stress responses, circadian rhythms, learning, and memory. The ability to selectively inhibit PAC1 receptors in multiple species enables robust translational studies, bridging basic neurobiology with complex behavioral phenotypes.
Peptide Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Analysis: The defined sequence and receptor selectivity of PACAP (6-38) make it an ideal reference compound in peptide SAR research. Scientists use it to map the structural determinants of receptor binding and antagonism, guiding the rational design of novel PACAP analogs and modulators. Comparative studies involving human, ovine, and rat peptide variants further enhance understanding of species-specific receptor interactions and evolutionary conservation within the PACAP family.
Endocrine and Metabolic Investigations: Beyond its neurological applications, PACAP (6-38) is valuable in studies examining PACAP's influence on hormone secretion, metabolic regulation, and peripheral organ function. By antagonizing PAC1-mediated signaling, it enables precise evaluation of PACAP's effects on insulin release, adrenal hormone production, and energy homeostasis. Such research advances knowledge of peptide hormone networks and their integration with central and peripheral physiological systems.
Collectively, the versatility and specificity of PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat TFA support its broad utility in peptide research, receptor pharmacology, and the mechanistic dissection of neuroendocrine signaling pathways. Its adoption across a range of experimental models underscores its importance as a tool for advancing both fundamental and translational science in the field of peptide neurobiology.
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