TAT (YGRKKRRQRRR) is a HIV-1 virus-encoded Tat peptide, which can increase the yields and the solubility of heterologous proteins.
CAT No: R1705
Synonyms/Alias:191936-91-1; HIV-1 Tat Protein (47-57); HIV-1 Tat Protein Peptide; H-TYR-GLY-ARG-LYS-LYS-ARG-ARG-GLN-ARG-ARG-ARG-OH; YGRKKRRQRRR; tat peptide (47-57); Tat protein (47-57); HIV-1; SCHEMBL5965085; CHEMBL4203498; DTXSID20648680; PUBCHEM_25080835; TAT 47-57; AKOS040764101; TS-10468; G78781; 191936-91-1, HIV-1 Tat protein (47-57); tat peptide (47-57), Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Tat protein (47-57), HIV-1
TAT (Trans-Activator of Transcription) is a cell-penetrating peptide originally derived from the HIV-1 virus, renowned for its unique ability to traverse cellular membranes and facilitate intracellular delivery of a wide array of biomolecular cargos. As a short, arginine-rich peptide sequence, TAT exhibits a high degree of membrane permeability, making it a valuable molecular tool for researchers seeking to study intracellular processes or develop novel delivery systems. Its structural and functional properties have positioned it as a cornerstone in the investigation of peptide-mediated transport, macromolecular trafficking, and cellular uptake mechanisms, thereby contributing significantly to the advancement of biochemical and molecular biology research.
Intracellular Delivery Studies: TAT is extensively utilized to investigate and optimize the delivery of diverse biomolecules—including proteins, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles—into living cells. Owing to its potent cell-penetrating capabilities, researchers employ the peptide as a fusion tag or conjugate to facilitate cytosolic access of otherwise impermeable compounds. This enables systematic exploration of intracellular trafficking routes, endosomal escape mechanisms, and the efficiency of cargo internalization, providing valuable insights for the development of next-generation delivery vectors.
Peptide Functionalization and Conjugate Design: In the field of peptide engineering, TAT serves as a versatile scaffold for the development of functionalized conjugates. By covalently linking TAT to bioactive molecules or reporter tags, scientists can create chimeric constructs capable of targeted subcellular localization. Such applications are instrumental in dissecting signal transduction pathways, mapping protein-protein interactions, and studying the intracellular fate of therapeutic candidates, thereby enhancing the precision and scope of biochemical investigations.
Cellular Uptake Mechanism Elucidation: The unique translocation properties of TAT have made it a model system for dissecting the molecular and biophysical underpinnings of cell-penetrating peptides. Researchers leverage its sequence to probe the roles of charge, hydrophobicity, and secondary structure in membrane interaction and translocation. Detailed studies using TAT derivatives have shed light on the balance between direct penetration and endocytosis, thereby informing the rational design of improved delivery systems and expanding fundamental understanding of membrane biology.
High-Content Screening and Assay Development: TAT is frequently incorporated into high-throughput screening platforms and cell-based assays that require efficient intracellular access of screening probes or modulators. Its ability to rapidly ferry diverse payloads across cellular barriers enhances the sensitivity and reliability of assays targeting intracellular targets, facilitating the discovery of modulators of signaling pathways, gene expression, and metabolic processes. As a result, it plays a pivotal role in the optimization of screening workflows for both academic and industrial research settings.
Macromolecule Labeling and Imaging Applications: The peptide's robust membrane translocation capability has also been harnessed for the delivery of imaging agents, fluorescent dyes, and biosensors into live cells. By coupling TAT to such probes, researchers can achieve real-time visualization of intracellular events, monitor dynamic cellular processes, and track the localization of labeled macromolecules with high spatial and temporal resolution. This application is particularly valuable for advancing live-cell imaging techniques and for elucidating the dynamics of macromolecular complexes within the cellular environment.
1. Adipose tissue is a key organ for the beneficial effects of GLP-2 metabolic function
3. High fat diet and GLP-1 drugs induce pancreatic injury in mice
4. Cationic cell-penetrating peptides are potent furin inhibitors
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