Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide. Tuftsin is a macrophage/microglial activator.
CAT No: R1730
CAS No:9063-57-4
Synonyms/Alias:TUFTSIN;9063-57-4;112592-90-2;UNII-QF5336J16C;L-threonyl-l-LYSYL-l-prolyl-l-arginine;QF5336J16C;TUFTSIN [MI];TUFTSIN [MART.];(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid;CHEMBL4563222;Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg;TUFTSIN (MART.);L-Arginine, N2-(1-(N2-L-threonyl-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-;Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg; L-Threonyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine;UNII-7B8XUR55K2;NSC 341953;72103-53-8;Taftsin;(2S)-2-((((2S)-1-(6-amino-2-(((2S,3R)-2-amino-1,3-dihydroxybutylidene)amino)hexanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene)amino)-5-carbamimidamidopentanoate;(2S)-2-(((2S)-1-(6-amino-2-(((2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl)amino)hexanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl)amino)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid;(2S)-2-({[(2S)-1-(6-amino-2-{[(2S,3R)-2-amino-1,3-dihydroxybutylidene]amino}hexanoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-5-carbamimidamidopentanoate;(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[6-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid;L-Arginine, N2-(1-(N2-L-threonyl-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-, diacetate (salt)4;L-THR-L-Lys-L-pro-L-arg;SCHEMBL1247799;IESDGNYHXIOKRW-YXMSTPNBSA-N;DTXSID901336069;HY-P0240;BDBM50534027;H-Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-OH; H-TKPR-OH;DA-58805;FT109439;MS-29297;DB-222225;NS00122191;Q414250;(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-AMINO-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-BUTANOYL]AMINO]HEXANOYL]PYRROLIDINE-2-CARBONYL]AMINO]-5-(DIAMINOMETHYLIDENEAMINO)PENTANOIC ACID;(S)-2-((S)-1-((S)-6-amino-2-((2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanamido)hexanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)-5-guanidinopentanoic acid;111610-67-4;
Chemical Name:(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid
Tuftsin is a naturally occurring tetrapeptide with the amino acid sequence Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg, originally isolated from the Fc region of immunoglobulin G. As a bioactive peptide, it plays a significant role in modulating immune cell function and has attracted considerable interest within immunology and peptide research. Its distinctive structure and functional attributes have made it a valuable tool for scientists investigating cellular defense mechanisms, peptide-receptor interactions, and the development of peptide-based probes or delivery systems. The study of tuftsin continues to deepen our understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses, while its chemical versatility supports a range of biochemical and molecular biology applications.
Immunomodulation research: Tuftsin is widely utilized in studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of immune cell activation, particularly in the context of phagocytosis and macrophage function. By serving as a selective stimulator of phagocytic cells, it enables researchers to dissect intracellular signaling pathways, cytokine release profiles, and the broader effects of peptide-mediated immune enhancement. Its use in in vitro and ex vivo models provides valuable insight into the regulation of host defense and the modulation of cellular immunity under various experimental conditions.
Peptide-receptor interaction studies: The tetrapeptide structure of tuftsin makes it a model substrate for investigating peptide-receptor binding dynamics and specificity. Researchers employ it to characterize the molecular determinants of peptide recognition by immune cell surface receptors, facilitating the identification of novel binding partners and the mapping of critical interaction domains. Such studies not only advance fundamental knowledge of peptide biology but also inform the rational design of peptide analogs with tailored biological activity.
Peptide conjugation and delivery: Tuftsin's capacity to target phagocytic cells has led to its use as a functional moiety in the development of peptide-drug conjugates and targeted delivery systems. By covalently linking tuftsin to various biomolecules, researchers can exploit its cell-targeting properties to enhance the uptake and intracellular delivery of experimental compounds. This application is particularly relevant in the context of drug delivery research, vaccine design, and the engineering of peptide-based nanocarriers for improved cellular specificity.
Analytical method development: As a chemically defined peptide, tuftsin serves as a reference standard and calibration compound in a variety of analytical techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and peptide mapping assays. Its well-characterized physicochemical properties allow for precise quantification, method validation, and quality control in peptide analysis workflows. The use of tuftsin as an analytical benchmark supports the development of robust, reproducible methodologies in peptide chemistry and proteomics.
Synthetic peptide research: The straightforward synthesis and modification of tuftsin make it a valuable model system for exploring solid-phase peptide synthesis protocols, peptide folding, and structure-activity relationships. Researchers utilize it to optimize synthetic strategies, assess peptide stability under various conditions, and investigate the impact of sequence alterations on biological function. These studies contribute to advancements in peptide engineering, supporting the development of novel bioactive sequences and functionalized biomaterials for research and industrial applications.
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