Histidyltyrosine is a novel enhancer of catalytic efficiency of neurolysin.
CAT No: 10-101-276
CAS No:35979-00-1
Synonyms/Alias:H-HIS-TYR-OH;35979-00-1;His-Tyr;L-histidyl-L-tyrosine;CHEBI:74059;HY dipeptide;histidyl-tyrosine;Histidinyltyrosine;H-Y Dipeptide;histidyltyrosine;L-Histidinyl-L-Tyrosine;Histidine Tyrosine dipeptide;Histidine-Tyrosine dipeptide;(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid;CHEMBL3321987;(S)-2-((S)-2-Amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)Propanamido)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)Propanoic acid;Histidinyl-Tyrosine;L-Tyrosine, L-histidyl-;N-L-Histidyl-L-tyrosine;N-Histidyltyrosine;(2S)-2-(((2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl)amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid;(2S)-2-(((2S)-2-azaniumyl-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl)amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate;(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-azaniumyl-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate;N-Histidinyltyrosine;MFCD00037859;L-His-L-Tyr;N-L-Histidinyl-L-tyrosine;SCHEMBL1985387;SCHEMBL21828646;HTOOKGDPMXSJSY-STQMWFEESA-N;HY;BDBM50049710;AKOS028113082;BS-16656;FH108070;CS-0149668;D81943;Q27144372;
H-His-Tyr-OH, also known as the dipeptide composed of histidine and tyrosine, is a synthetic peptide featuring a free amino terminus on histidine and a free carboxyl terminus on tyrosine. This dipeptide is valued in biochemical research for its role as a model compound for studying peptide bond formation, structure-activity relationships, and the physicochemical properties of short-chain peptides. Its unique combination of an imidazole-containing residue (histidine) and a phenolic residue (tyrosine) makes it particularly relevant for investigations into peptide interactions, enzyme substrate specificity, and peptide-mediated signaling mechanisms. The presence of both aromatic and basic side chains provides a versatile platform for exploring hydrogen bonding, metal ion coordination, and redox chemistry within the context of peptide science.
Peptide Structure-Function Analysis: Researchers frequently employ H-His-Tyr-OH as a model system to dissect the fundamental principles governing peptide structure and function. Its defined sequence allows for systematic evaluation of hydrogen bonding patterns, aromatic stacking interactions, and conformational preferences in short peptides. By analyzing its behavior in various solvents or under different pH conditions, scientists gain insights into the factors influencing peptide folding, stability, and intermolecular interactions, which are critical for rational peptide design and the development of bioactive analogs.
Enzyme Substrate Specificity Studies: The dipeptide serves as a convenient substrate analog for probing the specificity and catalytic mechanisms of peptidases and proteases. Its distinct side chains enable detailed kinetic and mechanistic studies, helping to elucidate how enzymes recognize and process substrates containing both basic and aromatic residues. Such investigations can inform the design of selective inhibitors or activators and contribute to a deeper understanding of proteolytic pathways involved in physiological and pathological processes.
Peptide Synthesis Methodology Development: H-His-Tyr-OH is frequently utilized in the optimization and validation of synthetic protocols for peptide bond formation. Its sequence presents both steric and electronic challenges typical of peptide synthesis, making it an ideal test case for assessing coupling reagents, protecting group strategies, and purification techniques. Successful assembly and isolation of this dipeptide can serve as a benchmark for method development in solid-phase and solution-phase peptide synthesis laboratories.
Metal Ion Binding and Coordination Chemistry: Due to the presence of the imidazole group from histidine and the phenolic hydroxyl group from tyrosine, this dipeptide is well-suited for studies on metal ion coordination. It provides a minimal yet functionally relevant scaffold for investigating the binding affinities and coordination geometries of biologically important metal ions such as copper(II), zinc(II), or iron(III). These studies are valuable for understanding metalloprotein active sites, designing peptide-based chelators, and exploring redox-active peptide systems.
Analytical Method Development: The physicochemical properties of H-His-Tyr-OH, including its UV absorbance and ionization behavior, make it a practical standard or reference compound for the calibration and validation of analytical techniques. Researchers use it in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis to optimize detection parameters, assess separation efficiency, and evaluate method robustness for peptide analysis. Its well-defined composition and stability enable reproducible results, supporting quality control and assay development in peptide research and production environments.
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