Antennapedia Peptide is a 16 amino acid peptide, originally derived from the 60 amino acid long homeodomain of the Drosophila transcription factor Antennapedia and is a member of the family of Cell-penetrating peptides.
CAT No: R1207
Antennapedia Peptide (TFA) is a synthetic peptide derived from the third helix of the homeodomain of the Drosophila Antennapedia transcription factor, commonly supplied as the trifluoroacetate (TFA) salt. Renowned for its cell-penetrating properties, this peptide facilitates the intracellular delivery of a wide array of molecular cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, and other bioactive molecules. Its unique sequence enables efficient translocation across cellular membranes without the need for additional transport mechanisms, making it a valuable tool in molecular and cellular research. The Antennapedia Peptide has become a cornerstone in studies focused on intracellular trafficking, delivery system development, and the investigation of protein-protein interactions, offering researchers a versatile platform for probing fundamental biological processes.
Intracellular Delivery Research: As a prototypical cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), Antennapedia Peptide (TFA) is widely employed to study and optimize the delivery of macromolecules into mammalian and non-mammalian cells. Its ability to traverse lipid bilayers allows researchers to conjugate the peptide with various cargos—such as peptides, proteins, or oligonucleotides—and assess uptake efficiency and intracellular localization. This capability is instrumental in elucidating mechanisms of cellular entry, mapping endocytic pathways, and testing the efficacy of novel delivery vectors in vitro.
Peptide-Protein Interaction Studies: The peptide serves as a functional probe for dissecting protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions within the cellular environment. By fusing Antennapedia sequences to target proteins, investigators can introduce otherwise membrane-impermeable biomolecules into living cells, enabling real-time analysis of their interactions, localization, and downstream signaling effects. This approach is particularly valuable in studies where direct microinjection or electroporation is impractical or may compromise cell viability.
Molecular Imaging and Labeling: The cell-penetrating properties of the Antennapedia motif are leveraged in the development of molecular imaging agents. Researchers attach fluorescent dyes or other imaging markers to the peptide, facilitating the visualization of intracellular processes in live cells or tissue samples. This application supports high-resolution tracking of molecular dynamics, subcellular localization studies, and the validation of delivery strategies in preclinical models.
Functional Genomics: Antennapedia Peptide (TFA) is utilized in functional genomics to deliver antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, or other gene-modulating agents into cells. By bypassing the limitations of traditional transfection reagents, the peptide enables efficient modulation of gene expression for loss-of-function or gain-of-function studies. This approach is particularly advantageous in cell types that are refractory to standard transfection techniques, expanding the toolkit available for functional genomics research.
Peptide Engineering and Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis: The Antennapedia sequence is frequently used as a model system in peptide engineering to investigate the structural determinants responsible for cellular uptake. By introducing specific amino acid substitutions or chemical modifications, researchers can probe the relationship between peptide structure and membrane-translocating activity. These studies inform the rational design of next-generation cell-penetrating peptides with enhanced specificity, reduced cytotoxicity, or tailored delivery profiles, thereby advancing the field of targeted intracellular delivery systems.
1. Cell-based adhesion assays for isolation of snake venom’s integrin antagonists
3. Myotropic activity of allatostatins in tenebrionid beetles
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