(Arg)9 is a cell-penetrating peptide made up of 9 arginine residues.
CAT No: 10-101-246
CAS No:143413-47-2
Synonyms/Alias:Nona-arginine;143413-47-2;(Arg)9;Nona-l-arginine;rrrrrrrrr;nona-d-arginine;Nonaarginine;Nona-L-arginine;Peptide R9;LT-1951;UNII-PK7O6W0U44;Arg(9) peptide;PK7O6W0U44;CHEMBL4090674;SCHEMBL25641676;AKOS040740966;DB12648;L-Arginine, L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-;DA-69121;FA109774;Q27286595;H-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-Arg-OH trifluoroacetate salt;143413-47-2, Arg(9) peptide, nona-D-arginine, nona-L-arginine, nonaarginine;L-Arginine,L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-;
Chemical Name:(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid
(Arg)9, also known as nona-arginine or polyarginine-9, is a synthetic peptide composed of nine consecutive arginine residues. Recognized for its strong cationic nature and ability to interact with negatively charged cell membranes, this peptide is widely used as a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) in diverse research settings. Its unique structural configuration allows it to efficiently traverse biological barriers, facilitating the intracellular delivery of various molecular cargoes, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules. Researchers value (Arg)9 for its high translocation efficiency, low cytotoxicity at optimized concentrations, and versatility across multiple biological models. The peptide's adaptability in conjugation strategies and compatibility with a range of experimental conditions further enhance its appeal in scientific investigations focused on cellular uptake and molecular transport.
Drug Delivery Research: In the realm of drug delivery, nona-arginine is extensively employed as a carrier for transporting therapeutic agents across cellular membranes. Its ability to form stable complexes with nucleic acids and proteins enables researchers to design advanced delivery systems for gene editing, RNA interference, or protein replacement studies. By facilitating the internalization of otherwise impermeable cargoes, polyarginine-9 addresses the critical challenge of cellular uptake, thereby expanding the toolkit for intracellular delivery in experimental therapeutics and molecular biology research.
Molecular Imaging: Polyarginine-9 is also utilized in molecular imaging applications, where it serves as a vehicle for delivering fluorescent probes or imaging agents into live cells and tissues. Its strong affinity for cell membranes and efficient internalization properties make it an ideal candidate for labeling and tracking intracellular processes in real time. By conjugating imaging agents to this peptide, researchers can achieve enhanced signal localization and improved visualization of cellular dynamics, contributing to advancements in cell biology, neuroscience, and cancer research.
Protein and Peptide Delivery: Another significant application of nona-arginine is in the delivery of functional proteins and peptides into cells. The peptide's robust cell-penetrating capabilities allow for the direct transport of biologically active macromolecules, enabling studies on protein function, signal transduction, and cellular responses. This approach is particularly valuable for investigating the effects of exogenous proteins or peptides on cellular pathways, as it bypasses the need for genetic manipulation or viral vectors.
Gene Editing Tools: In gene editing research, (Arg)9 is frequently used to enhance the cellular uptake of genome-editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes. By forming non-covalent or covalent linkages with these complexes, the peptide promotes efficient delivery into target cells, increasing the success rate of genome modifications. This strategy is instrumental in optimizing gene editing protocols, improving transfection efficiency, and reducing off-target effects by enabling direct delivery of editing machinery.
Antimicrobial Research: The cationic nature of polyarginine-9 also lends itself to antimicrobial studies, where it is explored for its interactions with microbial membranes and potential to disrupt pathogen integrity. Researchers investigate its mechanism of action as a model peptide for understanding membrane permeabilization, antimicrobial peptide design, and host-pathogen interactions. These investigations contribute to the broader field of antimicrobial research, offering insights into novel strategies for combating infectious agents and elucidating the principles underlying peptide-membrane interactions.
Cellular Uptake Mechanisms: Beyond its direct applications in delivery and imaging, nona-arginine is widely used as a model system for studying the mechanisms of cellular uptake and membrane translocation. Researchers employ it to dissect endocytic and non-endocytic pathways, analyze the influence of peptide length and charge, and develop new strategies for enhancing intracellular delivery. By serving as a benchmark for CPP performance, (Arg)9 continues to inform the design of next-generation delivery vectors and deepen our understanding of cellular barrier dynamics, ultimately supporting innovation in molecular and cellular biology.
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