Cholecystokinin, an intriguing peptide hormone, serves as an invaluable tool in the realm of biomedical research, facilitating the exploration of its multifaceted involvement in an array of physiological processes. Acting as a pivotal regulator, it exerts profound impacts on digestion, appetite modulation, and satiety. As it gracefully engages with CCK receptors nestled in the intricate terrain of the gastrointestinal tract, Cholecystokinin's versatile nature beckons scientists to unlock its therapeutic potential in battling enigmatic adversaries such as obesity, gastrointestinal motility disorders, and pancreatic cancer.
CAT No: R1982
CAS No:9011-97-6
Synonyms/Alias:CHOLECYSTOKININ;9011-97-6;CCK-33;CCRIS 3307;Cecekin vitrum;Cholecystokinin 33;Uropancreozymin;UNII-00XI8W60QF;CCK-PZ;GTPL860;00XI8W60QF;SCHEMBL3045554;DTXSID80894166;NS00124649;
Chemical Name:3-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[1-[2-[[2-[[4-amino-2-[[5-amino-2-[[2-[[4-amino-2-[[6-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[5-carbamimidamido-2-[[2-[[2-[[1-[2-(2,6-diaminohexanoylamino)propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]pentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-2-(4-sulfooxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-4-[(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
Cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone that plays a pivotal role in digestive physiology and neurobiology, making it a compound of significant interest across multiple fields of biochemical research. As a member of the gastrin/cholecystokinin family, it is primarily synthesized in the small intestine and central nervous system, where it functions as both a gut hormone and a neuropeptide. Its core biological activities include the stimulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion, regulation of gallbladder contraction, modulation of satiety, and involvement in neurotransmission. Due to its diverse physiological actions and receptor-mediated mechanisms, cholecystokinin serves as a key molecular tool for exploring digestive processes, neuroendocrine signaling, and peptide-receptor interactions.
Peptide signaling studies: Cholecystokinin is extensively utilized in research focused on elucidating peptide hormone signaling pathways. By serving as a prototypical ligand for CCK1 and CCK2 receptors, it enables scientists to dissect the downstream effects of peptide-receptor engagement in various tissues. These studies are crucial for advancing the understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function, second messenger cascades, and the broader principles of peptide-mediated cellular communication.
Gastrointestinal physiology research: In experimental models of digestive function, cholecystokinin is applied to investigate mechanisms underlying pancreatic secretion, bile release, and gastrointestinal motility. Its ability to induce physiological responses such as gallbladder contraction and enzyme secretion allows researchers to assess the integrity of digestive pathways and to characterize the roles of specific receptors and signaling molecules in gut homeostasis. Such applications are vital for mapping the complex interplay between endocrine signals and organ function within the digestive tract.
Neuroscience and neuropeptide function: The compound is a valuable tool for probing the neuromodulatory roles of peptides within the central and peripheral nervous systems. Cholecystokinin acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in brain regions implicated in anxiety, satiety, and pain perception. Experimental application of this peptide facilitates the study of synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and the behavioral consequences of neuropeptide signaling, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of brain-gut interactions and neuropeptide biology.
Receptor pharmacology and ligand binding assays: Cholecystokinin is frequently employed in receptor binding studies and pharmacological profiling of CCK receptor subtypes. By serving as a reference agonist or competitor in binding assays, it supports the identification and characterization of novel ligands, antagonists, or allosteric modulators targeting CCK1 and CCK2 receptors. These applications are instrumental in advancing basic receptor pharmacology, as well as in the preclinical evaluation of compounds affecting peptide hormone signaling.
Peptide synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis: As a well-characterized peptide, cholecystokinin provides a model system for synthetic peptide chemistry and SAR studies. Researchers use it to explore the impact of amino acid substitutions, truncations, or modifications on biological activity and receptor specificity. Such investigations are fundamental for designing peptide analogs, optimizing bioactive sequences, and enhancing the understanding of structure-function relationships within the peptide hormone family.
2. Adipose tissue is a key organ for the beneficial effects of GLP-2 metabolic function
3. The spatiotemporal control of signalling and trafficking of the GLP-1R
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