Fmoc-Gln(Mtt)-OPfp

Fmoc-Gln(Mtt)-OPfp is an Fmoc-protected glutamine derivative bearing an Mtt-protected side-chain amide and an OPfp (pentafluorophenyl ester) activated carboxylate. The molecule contains a chiral glutamine backbone with a stereodefined alpha-carbon, an aromatic Fmoc group for base-labile N-protection, and an OPfp ester that is predisposed for rapid acyl transfer under peptide-coupling conditions. The Mtt (methylthio-trityl) group on the side-chain nitrogen provides acid-labile and thiol-assisted deprotection behavior, enabling orthogonal unveiling of the glutamine side-chain for subsequent amide formation or functionalization. The combination of orthogonal protecting groups and an activated ester functionality positions Fmoc-Gln(Mtt)-OPfp as a peptide synthesis and amino acid derivatization intermediate where controlled deprotection and coupling selectivity are central.

1. Peptide Synthesis

Fmoc-Gln(Mtt)-OPfp is used in peptide building workflows where an activated OPfp carboxylate supports efficient peptide bond formation to an incoming amine. The Fmoc group enables standard N-terminal protection and base-mediated deprotection, while the Mtt-protected side-chain amide maintains glutamine integrity during chain elongation and prevents undesired side reactions. The stereodefined glutamine alpha-center and the orthogonal side-chain protection allow selective exposure of the side-chain amide after coupling steps, supporting incorporation of glutamine residues into peptides and peptide fragments. Downstream peptide synthesis can leverage the revealed side-chain amide for further derivatization, including conversion to urea-like motifs or attachment of side-chain-modified analogs, aligning with amino acid chemistry and peptide science needs.

2. Protected Amino Acids

Fmoc-Gln(Mtt)-OPfp functions as a protected amino acid derivative for orthogonally protected glutamine chemistry, combining Fmoc N-protection with Mtt side-chain protection and an OPfp activated C-terminus. The OPfp ester participates in acylation chemistry that can be adapted to protected amino acid synthesis strategies, enabling the preparation of peptide building blocks and intermediate fragments with defined protection patterns. The Mtt group can be removed under conditions compatible with Fmoc handling schedules, allowing staged deprotection of the side-chain amide for controlled downstream transformations. The resulting glutamine side-chain unveiling supports systematic amino acid derivatization and provides a practical route to functionalized glutamine-containing intermediates for fine chemical synthesis.

3. Chemical Biology Labeling

Fmoc-Gln(Mtt)-OPfp is applicable to chemical biology workflows that require glutamine side-chain presentation with controlled protection and subsequent conjugation-ready functionality. The side-chain amide, once deprotected from the Mtt group, can be used as a handle for constructing glutamine-derived linkages, including incorporation into probes, affinity tags, or substrate analogs used in biochemical assays. The OPfp activation and Fmoc-controlled N-protection enable incorporation into peptide-like scaffolds that can later be processed for conjugation, such as generating defined amide-containing segments for biomolecule modification. The stereochemical fidelity of the glutamine backbone supports consistent molecular recognition in structure-function studies, connecting amino acid derivatization to applied biochemical research.

4. Peptidomimetics Construction

Fmoc-Gln(Mtt)-OPfp can serve as a chiral intermediate for peptidomimetic construction where glutamine-derived amide functionality is preserved while the peptide-like scaffold is engineered. The protected side-chain amide enables stepwise assembly of analogs that maintain hydrogen-bonding patterns relevant to molecular recognition, while the OPfp ester supports coupling into non-natural or modified backbones during synthesis. The orthogonality between Fmoc removal and Mtt deprotection supports iterative scaffold elaboration, including side-chain modification after the core framework is assembled. Downstream, the glutamine-derived amide motif can be retained or transformed into constrained functionalities, supporting peptidomimetic library generation and synthetic methodology development in amino acid and peptide chemistry.

5. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Fmoc-Gln(Mtt)-OPfp is suitable for industrial peptide intermediate preparation where orthogonally protected amino acid building blocks are required for reproducible manufacturing of peptide-based materials. The Fmoc group provides a standardized, base-labile N-protection strategy that aligns with common solid-phase or solution-phase peptide processing logic, while the Mtt-protected side-chain amide helps suppress side reactions during chain assembly. The OPfp activated ester form supports controlled acyl transfer steps that can be integrated into process chemistry routes for generating glutamine-containing intermediates with defined protection states. The resulting protected glutamine building block can be carried forward into downstream synthesis of peptide analogs, enabling consistent intermediate handling and facilitating the production of functional peptide-derived specialty chemicals.

1. Exosomes-mediated Transfer of miR-125a/b in Cell-to-cell Communication: A Novel Mechanism of Genetic Exchange in the Intestinal Microenvironment

2. Immune responses to homocitrulline-and citrulline-containing peptides in rheumatoid arthritis

3. P-selectin and Complement’s Role in a Neonatal Model of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage-Induced Secondary Injury

4. GLP-1, exendin-4 and C-peptide regulate pancreatic islet microcirculation, insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in rats

5. Adipose tissue is a key organ for the beneficial effects of GLP-2 metabolic function