Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) is a dipeptide containing a γ-linkage and a thiol-bearing cysteine that enable redox and coordination studies. Researchers explore its role in metal binding, oxidative pathways, and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The TFA form supports reproducible solubility.
CAT No: R2210
CAS No:283159-88-6
Synonyms/Alias:Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA);283159-88-6;Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA;(2S)-2-amino-5-[[(1R)-1-carboxy-2-sulfanylethyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid;L-Cysteine, L-g-glutamyl-, mono(trifluoroacetate) (salt);-glutamylcysteine (TFA);H-gamma-Glu-Cys-OH TFA;AKOS040733224;AT39107;HY-113402A;DA-53482;FG162126;CS-0101974;N5-((R)-1-CARBOXY-2-MERCAPTOETHYL)-L-GLUTAMINE TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID (1:1);(S)-2-Amino-5-(((R)-1-carboxy-2-mercaptoethyl)amino)-5-oxopentanoic acid 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate;N5-((R)-1-Carboxy-2-mercaptoethyl)-L-glutamine compound with 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid (1:1);
Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA), also known as γ-Glu-Cys trifluoroacetate, is a dipeptide composed of glutamic acid and cysteine, forming a critical intermediate in the biosynthesis of glutathione. Recognized for its unique thiol-containing structure, this compound serves as a vital building block in redox biology and cellular defense mechanisms. Its stability and solubility in aqueous solutions make it highly suitable for a range of experimental and industrial applications. As an essential component in the glutathione synthesis pathway, gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) is widely valued in research settings focused on oxidative stress, detoxification processes, and metabolic regulation. The presence of the trifluoroacetate counterion enhances its handling and storage properties, further broadening its utility across scientific disciplines. Researchers leverage this compound to investigate fundamental biochemical pathways and to develop innovative solutions for redox-related challenges in various experimental models.
Redox Biology Research: In the field of redox biology, γ-Glu-Cys is frequently employed to study glutathione biosynthesis and its pivotal role in cellular antioxidant defense. By providing cells or in vitro systems with this dipeptide, scientists can modulate glutathione levels and observe downstream effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) management. This approach enables detailed mechanistic studies on how cells respond to oxidative stress, facilitating the identification of novel targets involved in redox homeostasis and signaling. The use of gamma-glutamylcysteine thus advances our understanding of cellular adaptation to oxidative environments and supports the development of strategies to mitigate oxidative damage in biological systems.
Detoxification Pathway Investigation: As a precursor to glutathione, γ-Glu-Cys trifluoroacetate is integral to research exploring detoxification processes. Its addition to cell cultures or biochemical assays allows for the direct assessment of glutathione-dependent conjugation reactions, which are central to the neutralization and elimination of electrophilic toxins and xenobiotics. By manipulating intracellular levels of this dipeptide, investigators can dissect the contributions of glutathione synthesis to detoxification efficiency, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying cellular protection against harmful compounds. This application is especially relevant in toxicology, pharmacology, and environmental health studies.
Enzyme Activity Profiling: The study of enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism, such as glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase, often relies on the availability of gamma-glutamylcysteine as a substrate or reference standard. It enables researchers to quantify enzyme kinetics, analyze substrate specificity, and evaluate the impact of genetic or chemical modulators on enzymatic function. By supporting precise measurements of enzymatic activity, this compound contributes to a deeper understanding of metabolic regulation and the identification of potential intervention points for modulating glutathione synthesis in various biological contexts.
Metabolic Regulation Studies: In metabolic research, γ-Glu-Cys serves as a valuable tool for probing the interplay between amino acid metabolism, redox balance, and cellular energy status. Its supplementation in experimental systems allows for the manipulation of glutathione pools, which in turn influences key metabolic pathways and cellular responses to nutrient availability. Researchers utilize this approach to unravel the complex regulatory networks that govern cell survival, proliferation, and adaptation under stress conditions. The insights gained from these studies inform the design of novel metabolic interventions aimed at optimizing cellular function and resilience.
Biotechnological Applications: Beyond its role in basic research, gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) finds utility in biotechnological processes that require enhanced antioxidant capacity or controlled redox environments. It can be incorporated into cell culture media to support the growth of sensitive cell lines or used in fermentation systems to improve product yield and stability. Its unique chemical properties also make it suitable for the development of biosensors and diagnostic assays targeting thiol-containing biomolecules. By enabling precise control over redox conditions, this compound facilitates innovation in industrial biotechnology, bioprocess optimization, and analytical method development. In summary, gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) stands as a multifaceted reagent that empowers scientific discovery and technological advancement across a spectrum of research and industrial domains.
3. Myotropic activity of allatostatins in tenebrionid beetles
5. Autoinhibition and phosphorylation-induced activation of phospholipase C-γ isozymes
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