β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (β-NMN) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) catalyzes the condensation of nicotinamide with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to generate β-NMN, which is subsequently converted to NAD+ by β-NMN adenyltransferase. β-NMN has several beneficial pharmacological activities. Mostly mediated by its involvement in NAD+ biosynthesis, including its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity.
CAT No: 10-101-324
CAS No:1094-61-7
Synonyms/Alias:β-NMN, β-Nicotinamide ribose monophosphate, NMN
Chemical Name:3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-(5-O-phosphono-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-pyridinium, inner salt
β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide is a pivotal nucleotide derivative in cellular biochemistry, functioning as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). As a naturally occurring compound, it plays an essential role in redox reactions, energy metabolism, and cellular signaling pathways. Its relevance extends across molecular biology, enzymology, and metabolic research, where it serves as a critical substrate for NAD+ production and as a modulator of various cellular processes. The compound's unique position within the NAD+ salvage pathway makes it a valuable tool for exploring cellular energetics, regulatory mechanisms, and age-related metabolic changes in diverse biological systems.
Metabolic pathway research: β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide is extensively utilized in studies examining the NAD+ salvage pathway and its regulation within cells. By supplying exogenous NMN, researchers can investigate the efficiency and regulation of NAD+ biosynthesis under various physiological and experimental conditions. This approach enables a deeper understanding of how cells maintain NAD+ homeostasis and adapt to metabolic stress, nutrient availability, and environmental challenges. The compound's role as a direct NAD+ precursor allows for precise manipulation of intracellular NAD+ levels, facilitating the elucidation of metabolic flux and pathway dynamics in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic models.
Enzyme activity assays: The compound serves as a valuable substrate in enzymatic assays targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT), both of which are critical enzymes in NAD+ biosynthesis. Utilizing NMN in these assays enables the quantitative assessment of enzyme kinetics, substrate specificity, and inhibitor screening. Such studies are fundamental for characterizing the catalytic mechanisms of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes and for identifying potential modulators that may impact cellular metabolism or stress responses.
Cellular bioenergetics studies: Researchers employ β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide to modulate and monitor cellular energy status in cultured cells and isolated organelles. By increasing NAD+ availability through NMN supplementation, investigators can assess the impact on mitochondrial function, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production. This application is particularly valuable in exploring the molecular basis of energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the cellular responses to metabolic perturbations, providing insights into the intricate relationships between NAD+ metabolism and cellular health.
Redox biology and oxidative stress investigations: The compound is instrumental in experiments aimed at dissecting the role of NAD+ in maintaining redox balance and defending against oxidative damage. By influencing NAD+/NADH ratios, NMN enables the study of redox-sensitive signaling pathways, antioxidant defenses, and the cellular adaptation to oxidative stress. This facilitates the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying stress resilience and the development of novel strategies for modulating redox homeostasis in various biological systems.
Aging and longevity research: β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide is widely adopted in experimental models to investigate the molecular mechanisms linking NAD+ metabolism to cellular aging and lifespan regulation. Through controlled supplementation, researchers can probe the effects of enhanced NAD+ biosynthesis on sirtuin activity, DNA repair processes, and genomic stability. These studies contribute to the broader understanding of how metabolic interventions can influence age-associated cellular decline and support the development of novel approaches for promoting healthy cellular function over time.
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