Xenin is a 25-amino acid peptide initially isolated from human gastric mucosa. Xenin is a gut hormone that can reduce food intake.
CAT No: R1754
CAS No:144092-28-4
Synonyms/Alias:xenin;144092-28-4;Xenin 25;Xenin-25;Xenin 25 acetate salt;UNII-4ANL10E72A;4ANL10E72A;DTXSID70162609;L-Leucine, L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-threonyl-L-lysyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-threonyl-L-lysyl-L-seryl-L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-valyl-L-lysylglycyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-tryptophyl-L-isoleucyl-;L-Methionyl-L-leucyl-L-threonyl-L-lysyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-threonyl-L-lysyl-L-seryl-L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-valyl-L-lysylglycyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-tryptophyl-L-isoleucyl-L-leucine;HUMAN XENIN;XENOPSIN 25;HUMAN XENOPSIN 25;XENIN-25 CL;XENOPSIN-RELATED PEPTIDE;GTPL1587;DTXCID1085100;DA-68737;
Xenin is a biologically active peptide hormone originally isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract, recognized for its role in the regulation of digestive processes and metabolic signaling. As a member of the neurotensin family of peptides, it exhibits a distinct amino acid sequence and structural configuration, enabling it to interact selectively with specific receptors in target tissues. Xenin has garnered significant attention in biochemical research due to its modulatory effects on gastrointestinal motility, pancreatic secretion, and appetite regulation. Its unique physiological functions make it a valuable tool for probing peptide-mediated signaling pathways and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying gut-brain communication.
Peptide signaling research: Xenin serves as a critical model for investigating peptide hormone signaling in gastrointestinal physiology. Researchers utilize this peptide to explore the activation and downstream effects of its associated G protein-coupled receptors, elucidating mechanisms that govern intestinal motility and secretory responses. By applying xenin in in vitro and ex vivo systems, scientists can dissect the intracellular pathways triggered by peptide-receptor interactions, offering insights into the complex regulatory networks that coordinate digestive function.
Metabolic regulation studies: The peptide has proven instrumental in studies examining the hormonal control of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. Its ability to influence insulin secretion and modulate appetite makes it a key subject in metabolic research. Experimental protocols often incorporate xenin to assess its effects on pancreatic islet cells, adipocyte signaling, and hypothalamic regulation of food intake. These investigations advance the understanding of peptide involvement in metabolic disorders and energy balance.
Peptide-receptor interaction assays: Xenin is frequently employed as a ligand in receptor binding and activation assays, supporting the characterization of its cognate receptors and their pharmacological properties. Through radioligand binding studies, fluorescence-based assays, or cell-based reporter systems, researchers can quantify receptor affinity, specificity, and downstream signaling events. Such applications facilitate the identification of receptor subtypes, the mapping of ligand-binding domains, and the development of receptor modulators for further biochemical exploration.
Peptide synthesis and structural analysis: The defined sequence and bioactivity of xenin make it an attractive standard for peptide synthesis and analytical validation. It is often used as a reference compound in solid-phase peptide synthesis protocols, supporting the optimization of synthetic strategies and purification techniques. Additionally, its structure-activity relationships are analyzed through various spectroscopic and chromatographic methods, aiding in the development of peptide analogs with modified properties for research use.
Neuroendocrine function exploration: As a gut-derived peptide with central and peripheral actions, xenin is utilized to investigate neuroendocrine communication between the gastrointestinal system and the brain. Experimental models leverage its physiological effects to study the integration of peripheral peptide signals within neural circuits governing appetite, satiety, and autonomic control. These studies enhance the understanding of gut-brain axis dynamics and the broader implications of peptide hormones in neuroendocrine regulation.
In summary, xenin is a versatile peptide tool for a wide spectrum of basic and applied research applications, particularly within the domains of gastrointestinal physiology, metabolic regulation, receptor pharmacology, peptide chemistry, and neuroendocrine signaling. Its well-characterized properties and functional relevance continue to drive advancements in peptide science and biomedical research.
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