Xenopsin: the neurotensin-like octapeptide from Xenopus skin at the carboxyl terminus of its precursor.
CAT No: R1755
CAS No:51827-01-1
Synonyms/Alias:xenopsin;51827-01-1;Xenopsin (XP);(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid;MFCD00076291;VVZLRNZUCNGJQY-KITDWFFGSA-N;HY-P0253;DA-59183;
Xenopsin is a peptide compound that belongs to the family of neuropeptides originally identified in certain invertebrate species, particularly within the central nervous system of mollusks. Characterized by its distinct amino acid sequence and neuroactive properties, xenopsin has garnered significant interest in the fields of neurobiology, comparative physiology, and peptide signaling research. Its ability to modulate neuronal activity and influence physiological processes makes it a valuable tool for investigating the evolution and function of neuropeptide systems across diverse taxa. The study of xenopsin provides critical insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neural communication and the broader roles of peptide messengers in invertebrate and possibly vertebrate systems.
Peptide signaling research: As an endogenous neuropeptide, xenopsin serves as a model for exploring the mechanisms of peptide-mediated signal transduction in neural tissues. Researchers utilize this compound to investigate how neuropeptides interact with specific G protein-coupled receptors, modulate ion channel activity, and influence synaptic transmission. Such studies help elucidate the molecular basis of neural circuit modulation and contribute to a deeper understanding of how peptide messengers regulate behavior and physiological responses in invertebrates.
Comparative neurobiology: Xenopsin provides a unique opportunity for comparative studies that examine the evolutionary conservation and diversification of neuropeptide function. By analyzing its distribution, structure, and activity across different species, scientists can trace the evolutionary origins of neuropeptide families and identify conserved motifs critical for receptor binding and biological activity. These investigations are essential for constructing phylogenetic relationships and understanding the adaptive significance of neuropeptide signaling in various animal lineages.
Peptide synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies: The synthetic accessibility of xenopsin enables researchers to produce analogs and modified peptides for structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses. By systematically altering amino acid residues or incorporating non-natural modifications, scientists can assess how specific structural features influence receptor affinity, biological potency, and metabolic stability. Such SAR studies are instrumental in mapping functional domains and optimizing peptide ligands for experimental applications in receptor pharmacology and neurobiology.
Receptor identification and characterization: The use of xenopsin as a ligand in receptor screening assays facilitates the identification and functional characterization of its cognate receptors. Employing techniques such as radioligand binding, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), or calcium imaging, researchers can delineate receptor specificity, signaling pathways, and downstream effectors activated by this neuropeptide. These studies are pivotal for unraveling the molecular underpinnings of neuropeptide-receptor interactions and for identifying novel targets within peptide signaling networks.
Functional assays in model organisms: Application of xenopsin in behavioral and physiological assays enables the assessment of its effects on neural activity, locomotion, feeding, and other organismal processes in invertebrate model systems. Microinjection, bath application, or genetic manipulation approaches allow for the direct evaluation of peptide function in vivo or ex vivo. Such functional analyses provide valuable data on the roles of neuropeptides in modulating complex behaviors and homeostatic mechanisms, supporting broader efforts to decipher the integrative biology of peptide signaling.
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