Insulin degludec is a modified insulin that has one single amino acid deleted in comparison to human insulin, and is conjugated to hexadecanedioic acid via gamma-L-glutamyl spacer at the amino acid lysine at position B29.
CAT No: 10-101-334
CAS No:844439-96-9
Chemical Name:16-[[(1S)-4-[[(5S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(1R,6R,12S,15S,18S,21S,24S,27S,30S,33S,36S,39S,42R,47R,50S,53S,56S,59S,62S,65S,68S,71S,74R,77S,80S,83S,88R)-88-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-6-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-47-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]carbamoyl]-53-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-62-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-77-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-24,56-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-83-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,71,80-tris(hydroxymethyl)-33,50,65-tris[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-15-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-27-methyl-18,30,36,59,68-pentakis(2-methylpropyl)-7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,87-hexacosaoxo-21,39-di(propan-2-yl)-3,4,44,45,90,91-hexathia-8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,48,51,54,57,60,63,66,69,72,75,78,81,84,86-hexacosazabicyclo[72.11.7]dononacontane-42-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-carboxypentyl]amino]-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl]amino]-16-oxohexadecanoic acid
Insulin degludec is a long-acting insulin analog that has been structurally modified to provide an extended duration of action through protracted absorption and stable molecular self-association. As a recombinant peptide, it is distinguished by its acylated lysine residue, enabling the formation of multi-hexamer chains in subcutaneous depots, which leads to a slow and consistent release profile. Its unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties make it a significant tool in the study of insulin analogs, peptide engineering, and receptor interaction dynamics, particularly within the context of glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways. Researchers value this compound for its capacity to model and dissect the molecular determinants of insulin action and to explore novel delivery mechanisms for peptide therapeutics.
Peptide analog characterization: Insulin degludec is widely utilized in the biochemical characterization of insulin analogs, offering insight into how structural modifications affect receptor binding, activation, and downstream signaling. Its unique molecular design, featuring a fatty acid side chain, provides an instructive model for understanding the impact of acylation on peptide stability, aggregation, and receptor selectivity. Scientists employ it to compare the bioactivity, oligomerization behavior, and receptor affinity of engineered insulins, thereby advancing the rational design of next-generation peptide therapeutics.
Receptor binding and signaling studies: The compound serves as a valuable probe in the investigation of insulin receptor interactions and intracellular signaling cascades. By utilizing this analog in cellular and in vitro systems, researchers can dissect the nuances of receptor activation, phosphorylation events, and the modulation of metabolic pathways such as glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Its prolonged activity profile allows for the examination of sustained receptor engagement and downstream effects, contributing to a deeper understanding of insulin action in physiological and pathophysiological contexts.
Pharmacokinetic modeling: Insulin degludec is frequently employed in preclinical studies aimed at elucidating the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships of long-acting peptide formulations. Its extended duration of action and unique absorption characteristics make it a benchmark for evaluating sustained-release mechanisms, depot formation, and absorption kinetics. These studies inform the development of advanced delivery systems and support the optimization of dosing regimens for investigational peptide drugs.
Analytical method development: The compound is instrumental in the development and validation of analytical techniques for quantifying insulin analogs in complex biological matrices. Mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and immunoassays often use this analog as a reference or calibration standard to ensure specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy in the detection of modified peptides. Such analytical advancements are crucial for monitoring peptide stability, degradation, and metabolic fate in research settings.
Peptide formulation research: Investigators leverage insulin degludec in the exploration of novel formulation strategies for peptide-based drugs. Its propensity for stable self-association and depot formation provides a model system for testing excipient compatibility, optimizing solubility, and assessing the impact of formulation variables on peptide stability and bioavailability. These studies contribute to the broader field of peptide drug delivery, informing the design of formulations that enhance the stability and efficacy of therapeutic peptides in research and industrial applications.
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