Insulin degludec is a modified insulin that has one single amino acid deleted in comparison to human insulin, and is conjugated to hexadecanedioic acid via gamma-L-glutamyl spacer at the amino acid lysine at position B29.
CAT No: 10-101-334
CAS No:844439-96-9
Chemical Name:16-[[(1S)-4-[[(5S)-5-[[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(1R,6R,12S,15S,18S,21S,24S,27S,30S,33S,36S,39S,42R,47R,50S,53S,56S,59S,62S,65S,68S,71S,74R,77S,80S,83S,88R)-88-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-6-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-47-[[(1S)-3-amino-1-carboxy-3-oxopropyl]carbamoyl]-53-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-62-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-77-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-24,56-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-83-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,71,80-tris(hydroxymethyl)-33,50,65-tris[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-15-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-27-methyl-18,30,36,59,68-pentakis(2-methylpropyl)-7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,87-hexacosaoxo-21,39-di(propan-2-yl)-3,4,44,45,90,91-hexathia-8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,48,51,54,57,60,63,66,69,72,75,78,81,84,86-hexacosazabicyclo[72.11.7]dononacontane-42-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-carboxypentyl]amino]-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl]amino]-16-oxohexadecanoic acid
Insulin degludec is an ultra-long-acting basal insulin analog designed to provide a stable and extended insulin profile. Characterized by its unique molecular structure with a modified side chain, insulin degludec forms multi-hexamer chains upon subcutaneous injection, resulting in a gradual and prolonged release of insulin into the bloodstream. Its innovative formulation minimizes peak activity and supports a steady-state pharmacokinetic profile, making it a valuable tool for researchers investigating glucose regulation, insulin signaling, and metabolic homeostasis. The compound's extended duration of action and reduced variability compared to other basal insulins have made it a preferred choice for scientific studies focusing on chronic metabolic processes and insulin pharmacodynamics.
Diabetes research: Insulin degludec is widely utilized in laboratory settings to model long-term basal insulin supplementation in animal and in vitro studies of diabetes. Researchers leverage its consistent and predictable insulin release to simulate chronic insulin therapy, allowing for the investigation of glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and the impact of extended insulin action on cellular and systemic metabolic pathways. Its use in these models facilitates the exploration of adaptive responses to basal insulin and supports the development of new therapeutic strategies for glycemic control.
Cell signaling studies: Degludec's prolonged action profile makes it particularly useful for dissecting insulin receptor activation and downstream signaling cascades over extended periods. In cellular assays, scientists employ it to monitor the sustained activation of insulin receptors, analyze the temporal dynamics of signaling molecules such as Akt and MAPK, and evaluate the long-term effects of insulin on gene expression, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. This enables detailed mechanistic studies on how chronic insulin exposure influences cellular function and adaptation.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling: The unique absorption and metabolic characteristics of this insulin analog provide an excellent model for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies. Researchers use it to simulate and compare the time-action profiles of various insulin formulations, assess the impact of molecular modifications on absorption rates, and develop mathematical models that predict insulin activity in vivo. These investigations are essential for optimizing insulin therapy regimens and for the design of next-generation insulin analogs with improved efficacy and safety profiles.
Metabolic disease modeling: Insulin degludec serves as a critical tool in the creation of animal models for metabolic disorders beyond diabetes, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. By providing a stable basal insulin background, it allows researchers to study the interplay between insulin action, lipid metabolism, and energy balance. Its use in these models helps elucidate the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation, supporting the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for complex metabolic diseases.
Formulation development: The extended duration and stability of degludec make it an attractive candidate for the development and testing of innovative insulin delivery systems. Scientists incorporate it into experimental formulations—such as implantable pumps, slow-release depots, or novel excipient combinations—to evaluate the impact of formulation variables on insulin release kinetics and biological activity. These studies inform the design of advanced delivery technologies aimed at improving patient adherence and optimizing basal insulin therapy.
Biotechnology research: Insulin degludec also plays a significant role in biotechnological applications, where its unique structural features and prolonged action are exploited for protein engineering and drug delivery research. Investigators utilize it to study the effects of side-chain modifications on protein self-association, stability, and receptor binding affinity. These insights contribute to the rational design of new protein therapeutics with tailored pharmacological profiles, advancing the field of long-acting peptide and protein drug development. Through these diverse applications, insulin degludec continues to drive innovation and deepen our understanding of insulin biology and metabolic regulation.
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