Mastoparan, a tetradecapeptide which is a component of wasp venom, stimulates release of prolactin from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells.
CAT No: R1508
CAS No:72093-21-1
Synonyms/Alias:mastoparan;72093-21-1;INLKALAALAKKIL-NH2;Mastoparan, Vespula lewisii;CHEBI:78496;MFCD00076865;Ile-Asn-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ile-Leu-NH2;NSC351907;NSC 351907;L-isoleucyl-L-asparaginyl-L-leucyl-L-lysyl-L-alanyl-L-leucyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-leucyl-L-alanyl-L-lysyl-L-lysyl-L-isoleucyl-L-leucinamide;Mastoparan (trifluoroacetate salt);CHEMBL1964493;DTXSID201046350;Mastoparan trifluoroacetate salt;Mastoparan-L;NSC-351907;NCGC00163465-01;CHEMBL2370408;MASXKPLGZRMBJF-MVSGICTGSA-N;DTXCID601528170;AKOS024456455;DA-65264;Mast cell degranulatingpeptide(vespula lewisii);Mastoparan, Vespula lewisii, >=97% (HPLC), powder;Q27147837;Ile-Asn-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ile-LeuNH2;NSC351907, 72093-21-1, CHEMBL1964493, NSC-351907, NCGC00163465-01;
Mastoparan is a cationic, amphipathic tetradecapeptide originally isolated from wasp venom, recognized for its potent ability to interact with biological membranes and modulate cellular signaling pathways. As a member of the mast cell degranulating peptide family, it exhibits a unique helical structure that enables insertion into phospholipid bilayers and direct activation of G proteins independent of receptor mediation. With its well-characterized sequence and robust biological activity, mastoparan has become a valuable tool in biochemical, pharmacological, and membrane biology research, supporting a range of experimental applications that probe fundamental aspects of cell signaling, membrane dynamics, and peptide-membrane interactions.
Membrane Interaction Studies: Mastoparan is widely employed in the investigation of peptide-lipid interactions due to its strong affinity for phospholipid bilayers. Its amphipathic nature and helical conformation facilitate insertion into membranes, making it an ideal model for studying membrane perturbation, pore formation, and the biophysical properties of peptide-induced membrane destabilization. Researchers utilize it to elucidate the mechanisms underlying membrane permeabilization, which has implications for understanding antimicrobial peptide action and membrane protein function.
G Protein Activation Research: The peptide is a well-established tool for probing G protein-mediated signaling. Unlike endogenous ligands, mastoparan can directly activate heterotrimeric G proteins by mimicking receptor-mediated conformational changes, thus bypassing the need for receptor engagement. This property allows for precise dissection of downstream signaling cascades, including those involving phospholipase C, adenylate cyclase, and other second messenger systems. Its use facilitates the study of G protein selectivity, activation kinetics, and the modulation of cellular responses by G protein-coupled pathways.
Mast Cell Degranulation Assays: Mastoparan is frequently used to induce degranulation in mast cells and basophils, serving as a positive control in assays designed to examine the mechanisms of exocytosis and mediator release. By triggering the exocytosis of histamine and other granule contents, it enables the characterization of degranulation pathways, evaluation of pharmacological inhibitors, and assessment of cellular responsiveness in immunological and allergic research contexts. This application is particularly valuable for dissecting the molecular machinery involved in vesicular trafficking and secretion.
Peptide Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies: The defined sequence and biological activity of mastoparan make it an exemplary model for SAR investigations. Researchers employ it to systematically modify amino acid residues and assess the impact on membrane affinity, helical stability, and biological function. These studies contribute to a deeper understanding of the structural determinants governing peptide-membrane interactions, G protein activation, and cytolytic activity, informing the rational design of novel bioactive peptides with tailored properties.
Cellular Uptake and Delivery Research: Due to its ability to translocate across cell membranes, mastoparan serves as a prototype for developing cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and studying peptide-mediated intracellular delivery. Its membrane-translocating characteristics are leveraged to explore mechanisms of cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and the potential for facilitating the intracellular transport of biomolecules. Such research underpins the development of advanced delivery systems for experimental reagents and molecular probes in cell biology and biotechnology.
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