HIV-1 TAT (48-60) is a cell-penetrating peptide derived from the human immunodeficient virus (HIV)-1 Tat protein residue 48-60. It has been used to deliver exogenous macromolecules into cells in a non-disruptive way.
CAT No: R1430
HIV-1 TAT 48-60 is a synthetic peptide fragment corresponding to residues 48 through 60 of the trans-activator of transcription (TAT) protein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Characterized by its highly basic sequence and cell-penetrating properties, this peptide is widely recognized as a prototypical cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) in biochemical and molecular biology research. Its ability to facilitate the translocation of various molecular cargos across cellular membranes has made it a valuable tool for studying intracellular delivery mechanisms, protein-protein interactions, and the functional modulation of biomolecules. The HIV-1 TAT 48-60 peptide plays a central role in advancing research on cellular uptake, molecular trafficking, and the development of novel delivery systems.
Cellular Delivery Studies: The TAT 48-60 peptide is extensively utilized as a molecular carrier to investigate and optimize cellular uptake mechanisms. Researchers employ it to deliver diverse cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, nanoparticles, and small molecules, into a wide range of cell types. Its cationic nature enables interaction with negatively charged cell surface components, facilitating endocytosis or direct translocation. These studies provide critical insights into the efficiency, specificity, and mechanisms of intracellular cargo transport, supporting the development of more effective delivery vectors for research applications.
Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis: In the context of protein engineering and molecular biology, the TAT 48-60 sequence is often fused to target proteins or peptides to study their intracellular localization and interactions. By enabling the efficient translocation of fusion constructs into cells, it allows researchers to dissect complex signaling pathways, monitor dynamic protein interactions in real time, and evaluate the functional consequences of intracellular protein delivery. This application is particularly valuable for elucidating the role of specific domains or motifs within larger protein structures.
Peptide Functionalization and Conjugation: The strong cell-penetrating capability of the TAT 48-60 peptide has been harnessed for the functionalization of biomolecules and nanomaterials. Conjugating this peptide to various probes, fluorescent markers, or therapeutic candidates enables targeted delivery and enhanced intracellular access. Such functionalized constructs are instrumental in imaging studies, subcellular tracking, and the assessment of molecular distribution within living cells, thereby expanding the methodological repertoire for cellular and molecular research.
Gene Regulation and Nucleic Acid Delivery: The application of TAT 48-60 in nucleic acid research is well established, particularly for the delivery of plasmids, siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, and aptamers. Its ability to form non-covalent complexes with nucleic acids and facilitate their cellular uptake is exploited in studies aiming to modulate gene expression or silence specific genetic targets. By overcoming the limitations of conventional transfection reagents, this peptide supports the exploration of gene function and regulatory networks in vitro, contributing to the advancement of genetic and epigenetic research.
Intracellular Trafficking and Endosomal Escape Research: Investigation of endosomal escape and intracellular trafficking pathways frequently employs TAT 48-60 as a model system. Researchers use it to probe the fate of internalized cargos, analyze endocytic pathways, and elucidate the mechanisms governing endosomal release. Such studies are critical for understanding the barriers to efficient cytosolic delivery and for designing next-generation delivery systems that can overcome intracellular compartmentalization. By serving as a benchmark CPP, the peptide enables comparative analysis and optimization of emerging cell-penetrating technologies.
1. Cell-based adhesion assays for isolation of snake venom’s integrin antagonists
5. An Open-label, Single-center, Safety and Efficacy Study of Eyelash Polygrowth Factor Serum
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